Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

Documentation Accessibility

Related Documents

1 Introduction to Advanced Replication

Overview of Replication

Applications that Use Replication

Replication Objects, Groups, and Sites

Replication Objects

Replication Groups

Replication Sites

Types of Replication Environments

Multimaster Replication

Master Group Quiesce

Materialized View Replication

Overview of Read-Only Materialized Views

Overview of Updatable Materialized Views

Overview of Writeable Materialized Views

Overview of Row and Column Subsetting with Materialized Views

Materialized View Refresh

Materialized View Log

Deployment Templates

Multimaster and Materialized View Hybrid Configurations

Scheduled Links

Administration Tools for a Replication Environment

Replication Management Tool in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console

Replication Management API

Replication Catalog

Distributed Schema Management

Replication Conflicts

Other Options for Multimaster Replication

Synchronous Replication

Procedural Replication

Conflict Detection and Procedural Replication

2 Master Replication Concepts and Architecture

Master Replication Concepts

What is Master Replication?

Multimaster Replication

Single Master Replication

Why Use Multimaster Replication?

Support for Disconnected Materialized View Environments

Oracle Real Application Clusters Compared with Replication

Multimaster Replication Process

Asynchronous Replication

Synchronous Replication

Conflict Resolution Concepts

How Replication Works with Object Types and Collections

Type Agreement at Replication Sites

Object Tables and Replication

Tables with Collection Columns

Tables with REF Columns

Master Replication Architecture

Master Site Mechanisms

Master Site Roles/Users

Database Links and Replication

Replication Objects

Alternatives to Replicating Sequences

Internal Triggers

Deferred Transactions

Internal Procedure

Administrative Mechanisms

Replication Modes of Operation

Replication Mode Control

Administrative Requests

Administrative Request Queue

Organizational Mechanisms

Propagation Mechanism

Propagation Types

Synchronous Data Propagation

Understanding Mixed-Mode Multimaster Systems

Initiating Propagation

Performance Mechanisms

Parallel Propagation

Minimum Communication

Replication Protection Mechanisms

Data Propagation Dependency Maintenance

Conflict Resolution Mechanisms

Row Identification During Conflict Detection

Resolution of Data Conflicts

3 Materialized View Concepts and Architecture

Materialized View Concepts

What is a Materialized View?

Why Use Materialized Views?

Ease Network Loads

Create a Mass Deployment Environment

Enable Data Subsetting

Enable Disconnected Computing

Read-Only, Updatable, and Writeable Materialized Views

Read-Only Materialized Views

Updatable Materialized Views

Writeable Materialized Views

Available Materialized Views

Primary Key Materialized Views

Object Materialized Views

ROWID Materialized Views

Complex Materialized Views

Required Privileges for Materialized View Operations

Creator Is Owner

Creator Is Not Owner

Refresher Is Owner

Refresher Is Not Owner

Data Subsetting with Materialized Views

Materialized Views with Subqueries

Restrictions for Materialized Views with Subqueries

Restrictions for Materialized Views with Unions Containing Subqueries

Determining the Fast Refresh Capabilities of a Materialized View

Multitier Materialized Views

Scenario for Using Multitier Materialized Views

Restrictions for Using Multitier Materialized Views

How Materialized Views Work with Object Types and Collections

Type Agreement at Replication Sites

Column Subsetting of Masters with Column Objects

Materialized Views Based on Object Tables

Materialized Views with Collection Columns

Materialized Views with REF Columns

Materialized View Registration at a Master Site or Master Materialized View Site

Viewing Information about Registered Materialized Views

Internal Mechanisms

Manual Materialized View Registration

Materialized View Architecture

Master Site and Master Materialized View Site Mechanisms

Master Table or Master Materialized View

Internal Trigger for the Materialized View Log

Materialized View Log

Materialized View Site Mechanisms

Updatable Materialized View Log

Internal Trigger for the Updatable Materialized View Log

Organizational Mechanisms

Materialized View Groups

Refresh Group Size

Refresh Process

Initiating a Refresh

Constraints and Refresh

4 Deployment Templates Concepts and Architecture

Mass Deployment Challenge

Deployment Templates and the Mass Deployment Goal

Oracle Deployment Templates Concepts

Deployment Template Elements

General Template Information

Template Object Definitions

Template Parameters

Template Parameters in the WHERE Clause and Security

User Authorization

Deployment Sites

Deployment Template Packaging and Instantiation

Online Instantiation

Offline Instantiation

Scenarios for Instantiating a Deployment Template

Deployment Template Architecture

Template Definitions Stored in System Tables

Use of Standard DDL

Packaging and Instantiation Process

Packaging a Deployment Template for Online Instantiation

Packaging a Deployment Template for Offline Instantiation

Online Instantiation

Offline Instantiation

Packaging and Instantiation Options

After Instantiation

Materialized View Groups

Deployment Template Design

Column Subsetting with Deployment Templates

Row Subsetting with an Assignment Table

Additional Design Considerations

Local Control of Materialized View Creation

Local Materialized View Control

5 Conflict Resolution Concepts and Architecture

Conflict Resolution Concepts

Understanding Your Data and Application Requirements

Examples of Conflict Detection and Resolution

Types of Replication Conflicts

Update Conflicts

Uniqueness Conflicts

Delete Conflicts

Data Conflicts and Transaction Ordering

Conflict Detection

How Oracle Detects Different Types of Conflicts

Identifying Rows During Conflict Detection

Conflict Resolution

Multitier Materialized Views and Conflict Resolution

Column Subsetting of Updatable Materialized Views and Conflict Resolution

Nested Tables and Conflict Resolution

Techniques for Avoiding Conflicts

Use Column Groups

Use Primary Site and Dynamic Site Ownership Data Models

Avoiding Specific Types of Conflicts

Conflict Resolution Architecture

Support Mechanisms

Common Update Conflict Resolution Methods

Latest Timestamp

Additional Update Conflicts Resolution Methods

Earliest Timestamp

Priority Groups

Uniqueness Conflicts Resolution Methods

Append Site Name

Append Sequence

Delete Conflict Resolution Methods

Send and Compare Old Values

Send and Compare Example

Send and Compare When Using Column Objects

6 Planning Your Replication Environment

Considerations for Replicated Tables

Primary Keys and Replicated Tables

Foreign Keys and Replicated Tables

Datatype Considerations for Replicated Tables

Row-Level Dependency Tracking

Initialization Parameters

Master Sites and Materialized View Sites

Advantages of Master Sites

Advantages of Materialized View Sites

Preparing for Materialized Views

Create Materialized View Site Users

Create Master Site Users

Create Schemas at Materialized View Site

Create Database Links

Assign Privileges

Schedule Purge at Master Site

Allocate Job Queue Processes

Creating a Materialized View Log

Logging Columns in the Materialized View Log

Creating a Materialized View Environment

Creating a Materialized View Environment Using the Replication Management Tool

Creating a Materialized View Environment Using the Replication Management API

Avoiding Problems When Adding a New Materialized View Site

Interoperability in an Advanced Replication Environment

Guidelines for Scheduled Links

Scheduling Periodic Pushes

Scheduling Continuous Pushes

Guidelines for Scheduled Purges of a Deferred Transaction Queue

Scheduling Periodic Purges

Scheduling Continuous Purges

Serial and Parallel Propagation

Deployment Templates

Preparing Materialized View Sites for Instantiation of Deployment Templates

Network Connectivity

Database Version

Materialized View Site Setup

Create Necessary Schemas

Create Database Links

Online or Offline Instantiation

Create Necessary Rollback Segments

Conflict Resolution

Security and Replication

Designing for Survivability

Oracle Real Application Clusters versus Replication

Designing a Replication Environment for Survivability

Implementing a Survivable System

Database Recovery in Replication Environments

7 Introduction to the Replication Management Tool

Usage Scenarios for the Replication Management Tool

Logging into the Replication Management Tool

The Replication Management Tool Interface

Administration Object

Multimaster Replication Object

Materialized View Replication Object

The Replication Management Tool Wizards

Materialized View Group Wizard

Deployment Template Wizard

Template Script Generation Wizard

Copy Template Wizard

Flowchart for Creating a Replication Environment

A Troubleshooting Replication Problems

Diagnosing Problems with Database Links

Diagnosing Problems with Master Sites

Replicated Objects Not Created at New Master Site

DDL Changes Not Propagated to Master Site

DML Changes Not Asynchronously Propagated to Other Sites

DML Cannot be Applied to Replicated Table

Bulk Updates and Constraint Violations

Re-creating a Replicated Object

Unable to Generate Replication Support for a Table

Problems with Replicated Procedures or Triggers

Diagnosing Problems with the Deferred Transaction Queue

Check Jobs for Scheduled Links

Distributed Transaction Problems with Synchronous Replication

Incomplete Database Link Specifications

Incorrect Replication Catalog Views

Diagnosing Problems with Materialized Views

Problems Creating Replicated Objects at Materialized View Site

Problems Performing Offline Instantiation of a Deployment Template

Refresh Problems

Common Refresh Problems

Automatic Refresh Retries

Fast Refresh Errors at New Materialized View Sites

Materialized Views Continually Refreshing

Materialized View Logs Growing Too Large

Advanced Troubleshooting of Refresh Problems

B Column Length Semantics and Unicode

Column Length Semantics for Replication Sites and Table Columns

Multimaster Support for Column Length Semantics

Column Length Semantics Support for Tables Generated by Advanced Replication

Column Length Semantics Support for Precreated Tables

Materialized View Support for Column Length Semantics

Materialized Views with Prebuilt Container Tables

Column Length Semantics Support for Updatable Materialized Views

DDL Propagation and Column Length Semantics

Replication Support for Unicode

Replication of NCLOB Datatype Columns

Index