428... 62... 93,584... 7,774... 39 E 32 - 39 N 07...

Tunceli... A province surrounded by mountains exhibiting a majestic view, Tunceli is a land with untouched natural beauties; and an area of rocky steep cliffs displaying a wild appearance; this province with its peculiar characteristics lies 133 km north of Elazig. Known as "Dersim" in the old times, Tunceli has followed a similar historical evolution as other cities of Eastern Anatolia. Beginning with the Urartians, it changed hands among Persians, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans, and today it is a modern province with remains from these periods. One important ruin is the fortress of Pertek, outside the city, on the road to Elazig. It was constructed in the Middle Ages, and is a place to be explored by sightseers. Mazgirt fortress and several old bridges are other historical places around Tunceli. Nearby, there exists another beautiful spot, the Munzur Valley National Park with its wide natural resources. It is possible to make use of the curative properties of its mineral springs, while the streams are filled with trout, providing opportunities for fishing. This site is also an ideal destination for mountaineers and the whole park possesses a wonderful scenery that will amaze nature lovers. High mountains encircle Tunceli, 133 km north of Elazig on the Elazig-Erzurum road. On the way, stop off to see the fortress of Pertek, built in the Middle Ages and still in good condition today. In the Munzur Valley National Park near Ovacik, 60 km northwest of Tunceli, you can fish in rushing, trout-filled streams while enjoying the amazing scenery. The Keban and Karakaya dams on the Firat river have created huge artificial lakes, dramatically altering the surrounding environment. Twenty-five kilometers south of Elazig, the lovely and tranquil Hazar lake invites relaxation. High mountains encircle Tunceli, 133 km north of Elazig on the Elazig-Erzurum road, On the way stop off to see the fortress of Pertek, built in the Middle Ages and still in good condition today. In the Menzur Valley National Park near Ovacik, 60 km northwest of Tunceli, you can fish in rushing trout-filled streams while enjoying the amazing scenery. Türkiye is, and has been for a long time, located in the Palearctic zone. For this reason, its current bio-geographic composition and structure may be seen as representative of Palearctic flora and fauna. However, especially in the Southeast and the East, the Influence of oriental and Ethiopic (African) elements are observable although this influence diminishes as one goes north.

The Igdir-Aralik triangle and the Hakkari-Van plateau exhibit the influence of Syrian desert flora and fauna; the Hatay-Amanos bridge exhibits elements of Africa. Elements of the Mediterranean sone have arrived through southwestern Anatolia, and European elements through Thrace and partly over the Caucasian range. This flow still continues. Examples of such fauna are more commonly observed in countries to the east of Türkiye (Iran and parts of Iraq) and those to the south (for example, Syria and Palestine). In the Northeast, there are examples of cold steppe and even Siberian species. Mountains transversing Anatolia and the impact of this geography on the evolution of living things. During the geological era, around 300 million years ago, in the time of the Pangea continent, Anatolia's climate was much like that of the tropics today. Seventy million years ago, or towards the end of the second period (Mesozoic), it acquired a sub-tropical climate. The current climatic conditions came to exist in the middle of the third period, or around thirty million years before our time, and were consolidated in the last few hundred thousand years.