Preface

The Oracle9i Net Services Administrator's Guide provides the information you need to understand and use Oracle Net Services and its related applications and components.

This preface contains these topics:

Audience

Oracle9i Net Services Administrator's Guide is intended for the following kinds of readers:

Network administrators
Directory server administrators
Database administrators
Decision makers

This guide is especially targeted for network administrators who are responsible for ensuring connectivity. For network administrators, Oracle Corporation recommends reading all of Part I for a conceptual understanding of Oracle Net Services. In addition, read Chapter 3 in Part I and all of Part II for essential configuration instructions. Use Part III for troubleshooting.

Directory administrators will find Chapter 3 in Part I useful in understanding how Oracle Net Services uses a directory server. In addition, Chapter 8 and Chapter 10 in Part II provide instructions for establishing directory usage and exporting existing naming data to a directory server.

Database administrators should skim Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 to gain an understanding of the big networking picture. In addition, Chapter 5 will provide an overview of networking tools, which may be of use to the database administrator. Database administrator will also find Chapter 7, Chapter 12, and Chapter 14 useful in understanding how to configure Oracle9i database server features that require listener and shared server configuration.

Decision makers will find this guide useful in understanding how Oracle Net Services fits into the overall network architecture. Decision makers will find Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 4, and Chapter 7 useful for explaining the basics of Oracle Net Services.

Oracle Corporatism recommends that all readers skim Part 1, to ensure that they have the background required to benefit from the rest of the guide.

Organization

This document contains:

Part I, "Getting Started with Oracle Net Services"

Chapter 1, "Networking Challenges in the Internet Age"

This chapter introduces main features of Oracle Net Services, including connectivity, centralized management, scalability, and security. In addition, Oracle Net Services, Oracle Connection Manager, and Oracle Advanced Security products and components are introduced.

Chapter 2, "Connectivity Concepts"

This chapter describes the concepts of service naming, connection establishment, naming, access control, and multiplexing.

Chapter 3, "Configuration Management Concepts"

This chapter describes localized configuration and centralized configuration methodologies.

Chapter 4, "Architecture of Oracle Net Services"

This chapter describes stack communication architecture and component architecture.

Chapter 5, "Configuration and Administration Tools Overview"

This chapter describes Oracle Net Services products and administration tools.

Chapter 6, "Quick Start to Oracle Net Connections"

This chapter describes how to set up a basic network configuration with Oracle Net Configuration Assistant.

Part II, "Configuration and Administration of Oracle Net Services"

Chapter 7, "Planning the Network"

This chapter describes considerations for planning a network using Oracle Net Services. It explains the relationships of the Oracle Net Services components, and options to help you better manage the network.

Chapter 8, "Setting Up Directory Server Usage"

This chapter describes how to configure access to a directory server.

Chapter 9, "Configuring Naming Methods"

This chapter describes how to configure naming methods.

Chapter 10, "Exporting Naming Data to a Directory Server"

This chapter describes how export data from a tnsnames.ora file or an Oracle Names server to a directory server.

Chapter 11, "Configuring Profiles"

This chapter describes how to configure client and database server profiles.

Chapter 12, "Configuring and Administering the Listener"

This chapter describes how to configure the listener to accept client requests, and how to perform common administrative tasks.

Chapter 13, "Configuring Oracle Connection Manager"

This chapter describes how to configure Oracle Connection Manager to provide access control, multiplexed connections, and protocol conversion.

Chapter 14, "Configuring Shared Server"

This chapter describes how to configure the Oracle database server to use the shared server connection model.

Chapter 15, "Enabling Advanced Features of Oracle Net Services"

This chapter describes how to configure advanced and optional connection features, such as load balancing, and failover. It also explains how to configure connections to non-Oracle database services.

Part III, "Testing and Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services"

Chapter 16, "Establishing a Connection and Testing the Network"

This chapter describes how to start Oracle Net Services components, establish a connection, and test a connection.

Chapter 17, "Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services"

This chapter describes procedures to troubleshoot Oracle Net Services. It includes information on tracing and logging.

Glossary

Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in the text and code examples of this documentation set. It describes:

Conventions in Text

We use various conventions in text to help you more quickly identify special terms. The following table describes those conventions and provides examples of their use.

Convention	Meaning	Example
Bold	Bold typeface indicates terms that are defined in the text or terms that appear in a glossary, or both.	When you specify this clause, you create an index-organized table.
Italics	Italic typeface indicates book titles or emphasis.	Oracle9i Database Concepts Ensure that the recovery catalog and target database do not reside on the same disk.
`UPPERCASE monospace (fixed-width) font`	Uppercase monospace typeface indicates elements supplied by the system. Such elements include parameters, privileges, datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL keywords, SQL*Plus or utility commands, packages and methods, as well as system-supplied column names, database objects and structures, usernames, and roles.	You can specify this clause only for a `NUMBER` column. You can back up the database by using the `BACKUP` command. Query the `TABLE_NAME` column in the `USER_TABLES` data dictionary view. Use the `DBMS_STATS`.`GENERATE_STATS` procedure.
`lowercase monospace (fixed-width) font`	Lowercase monospace typeface indicates executables, filenames, directory names, and sample user-supplied elements. Such elements include computer and database names, net service names, and connect identifiers, as well as user-supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, usernames and roles, program units, and parameter values. Note: Some programmatic elements use a mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase. Enter these elements as shown.	Enter `sqlplus` to open SQL*Plus. The password is specified in the `orapwd` file. Back up the datafiles and control files in the `/disk1/oracle/dbs` directory. The `department_id`, `department_name`, and `location_id` columns are in the `hr.departments` table. Set the `QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED` initialization parameter to `true.` Connect as `oe` user. The `JRepUtil` class implements these methods.
`lowercase italic monospace (fixed-width) font`	Lowercase italic monospace font represents placeholders or variables.	You can specify the `parallel_clause`. Run `U``old_release``.SQL` where `old_release` refers to the release you installed prior to upgrading.

Conventions in Code Examples

Code examples illustrate SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus, or other command-line statements. They are displayed in a monospace (fixed-width) font and separated from normal text as shown in this example:

SELECT username FROM dba_users WHERE username = 'MIGRATE';

The following table describes typographic conventions used in code examples and provides examples of their use.

Convention	Meaning	Example
[ ]	Brackets enclose one or more optional items. Do not enter the brackets.	DECIMAL (digits [ , precision ])
{ }	Braces enclose two or more items, one of which is required. Do not enter the braces.	{ENABLE \| DISABLE}
\|	A vertical bar represents a choice of two or more options within brackets or braces. Enter one of the options. Do not enter the vertical bar.	{ENABLE \| DISABLE} [COMPRESS \| NOCOMPRESS]
`...`	Horizontal ellipsis points indicate either: That we have omitted parts of the code that are not directly related to the example That you can repeat a portion of the code	CREATE TABLE ... AS subquery; SELECT col1, col2, ... , coln FROM employees;
. . .	Vertical ellipsis points indicate that we have omitted several lines of code not directly related to the example.	SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE; NAME ------------------------------------ /fsl/dbs/tbs_01.dbf /fs1/dbs/tbs_02.dbf . . . /fsl/dbs/tbs_09.dbf 9 rows selected.
Other notation	You must enter symbols other than brackets, braces, vertical bars, and ellipsis points as shown.	acctbal NUMBER(11,2); acct CONSTANT NUMBER(4) := 3;
Italics	Italicized text indicates placeholders or variables for which you must supply particular values.	CONNECT SYSTEM/system_password DB_NAME = database_name
UPPERCASE	Uppercase typeface indicates elements supplied by the system. We show these terms in uppercase in order to distinguish them from terms you define. Unless terms appear in brackets, enter them in the order and with the spelling shown. However, because these terms are not case sensitive, you can enter them in lowercase.	SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM employees; SELECT * FROM USER_TABLES; DROP TABLE hr.employees;
`lowercase`	Lowercase typeface indicates programmatic elements that you supply. For example, lowercase indicates names of tables, columns, or files. Note: Some programmatic elements use a mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase. Enter these elements as shown.	SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM employees; sqlplus hr/hr CREATE USER mjones IDENTIFIED BY ty3MU9;

Conventions for Windows Operating Systems

The following table describes conventions for Windows operating systems and provides examples of their use.

Convention	Meaning	Example
Choose Start >	How to start a program.	To start the Database Configuration Assistant, choose Start > Programs > Oracle - HOME_NAME > Configuration and Migration Tools > Database Configuration Assistant.
File and directory names	File and directory names are not case sensitive. The following special characters are not allowed: left angle bracket (<), right angle bracket (>), colon (:), double quotation marks ("), slash (/), pipe (\|), and dash (-). The special character backslash (\) is treated as an element separator, even when it appears in quotes. If the file name begins with \\, then Windows assumes it uses the Universal Naming Convention.	c:\winnt"\"system32 is the same as C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32
`C:\>`	Represents the Windows command prompt of the current hard disk drive. The escape character in a command prompt is the caret (^). Your prompt reflects the subdirectory in which you are working. Referred to as the command prompt in this manual.	C:\oracle\oradata>
Special characters	The backslash (\) special character is sometimes required as an escape character for the double quotation mark (") special character at the Windows command prompt. Parentheses and the single quotation mark (') do not require an escape character. Refer to your Windows operating system documentation for more information on escape and special characters.	C:\>exp scott/tiger TABLES=emp QUERY=\"WHERE job='SALESMAN' and sal<1600\" C:\>imp SYSTEM/password FROMUSER=scott TABLES=(emp, dept)
HOME_NAME	Represents the Oracle home name. The home name can be up to 16 alphanumeric characters. The only special character allowed in the home name is the underscore.	C:\> net start OracleHOME_NAMETNSListener
`ORACLE_HOME` and `ORACLE_BASE`	In releases prior to Oracle8i release 8.1.3, when you installed Oracle components, all subdirectories were located under a top level `ORACLE_HOME` directory that by default used one of the following names: `C:\orant` for Windows NT `C:\orawin98` for Windows 98 This release complies with Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines. All subdirectories are not under a top level `ORACLE_HOME` directory. There is a top level directory called `ORACLE_BASE` that by default is `C:\oracle`. If you install Oracle9i release 1 (9.0.1) on a computer with no other Oracle software installed, then the default setting for the first Oracle home directory is `C:\oracle\ora90`. The Oracle home directory is located directly under `ORACLE_BASE`. All directory path examples in this guide follow OFA conventions. Refer to Oracle9i Database Getting Starting for Windows for additional information about OFA compliances and for information about installing Oracle products in non-OFA compliant directories.	Go to the `ORACLE_BASE``\``ORACLE_HOME``\rdbms\admin` directory.

Documentation Accessibility

Our goal is to make Oracle products, services, and supporting documentation accessible, with good usability, to the disabled community. To that end, our documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains markup to facilitate access by the disabled community. Standards will continue to evolve over time, and Oracle Corporation is actively engaged with other market-leading technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all of our customers. For additional information, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program Web site at

http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/

Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation

JAWS, a Windows screen reader, may not always correctly read the code examples in this document. The conventions for writing code require that closing braces should appear on an otherwise empty line; however, JAWS may not always read a line of text that consists solely of a bracket or brace.

Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation

This documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or organizations that Oracle Corporation does not own or control. Oracle Corporation neither evaluates nor makes any representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites.