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Oracle® Database SQL Reference
10g Release 2 (10.2)

Part Number B14200-02
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A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Z 

Symbols

% (percent) used with LIKE operator, 7.7.1
+ (plus sign)
in Automatic Storage management filenames, 8

Numerics

20th century, 2.4.2.4
21st century, 2.4.2.4

A

ABORT LOGICAL STANDBY clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
ABS function, 5.1.5
ACCESSED GLOBALLY clause
of CREATE CONTEXT, 14
ACCOUNT LOCK clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 17
ACCOUNT UNLOCK clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 17
ACOS function, 5.1.5
ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
AD datetime format element, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.2
ADD clause
of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2
of ALTER INDEXTYPE, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of ALTER VIEW, 13
ADD DATAFILE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
ADD LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
ADD LOGFILE GROUP clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
ADD LOGFILE MEMBER clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
ADD LOGFILE THREAD clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
ADD OVERFLOW clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
ADD PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12, 12
ADD PRIMARY KEY clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
ADD ROWID clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG GROUP clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
ADD TEMPFILE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
ADD VALUES clause
of ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY PARTITION, 12
ADD_MONTHS function, 5.1.5
adding a constraint, 12
ADMINISTER ANY SQL TUNING SET system privilege, 18
ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER system privilege, 18
ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET system privilege, 18
ADVISE clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
ADVISOR system privilege, 18
AFTER clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
AFTER triggers, 16
AGENT clause
of CREATE LIBRARY, 15
aggregate functions, 5.1.2
user-defined, creating, 14
alias
for a column, 9.2
for an expressions in a view query, 17
specifying in queries and subqueries, 19
ALL clause
of SELECT, 19
of SET CONSTRAINTS, 19
of SET ROLE, 19
ALL EXCEPT clause
of SET ROLE, 19
ALL operator, 7.2
ALL PRIVILEGES clause
of GRANT, 18
of REVOKE, 18
ALL PRIVILEGES shortcut
of AUDIT, 13
ALL shortcut
of AUDIT, 13
ALL_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
ALL_INDEXTYPE_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
ALL_MVIEW_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
ALL_OPERATOR_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
ALL_ROWS hint, 2.6.4.1
ALL_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
ALLOCATE EXTENT clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
ALLOW CORRUPTION clause
of ALTER DATABASE ... RECOVER, 10.2
ALTER ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY DIMENSION system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY INDEX system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY ROLE system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 18
ALTER ANY TYPE system privilege, 18
ALTER CLUSTER statement, 10.2
ALTER DATABASE statement, 10.2
ALTER DATABASE system privilege, 18
ALTER DIMENSION statement, 10.2
ALTER DISKGROUP statement, 10.2
ALTER FUNCTION statement, 10.2
ALTER INDEX statement, 10.2
ALTER INDEXTYPE statement, 10.2
ALTER JAVA CLASS statement, 10.2
ALTER JAVA SOURCE statement, 10.2
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 11
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW statement, 11
ALTER object privilege, 18
on a sequence, 18
on a table, 18
ALTER OPERATOR statement, 11
ALTER OUTLINE statement, 11
ALTER PACKAGE statement, 11
ALTER PROCEDURE statement, 11
ALTER PROFILE statement, 11
ALTER PROFILE system privilege, 18
ALTER RESOURCE COST statement, 11
ALTER RESOURCE COST system privilege, 18
ALTER ROLE statement, 11
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 11
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT system privilege, 18
ALTER SEQUENCE statement, 11
ALTER SESSION statement, 11
ALTER SESSION system privilege, 18
ALTER SNAPSHOT LOG. See ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
ALTER SNAPSHOT. See ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER statements
triggers on, 16
ALTER SYSTEM statement, 11
ALTER SYSTEM system privilege, 18
ALTER TABLE statement, 12
ALTER TABLESPACE statement, 12
ALTER TABLESPACE system privilege, 18
ALTER TRIGGER statement, 13
ALTER TYPE statement, 13
ALTER USER statement, 13
ALTER USER system privilege, 18
ALTER VIEW statement, 13
alter_external_table_clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
AM datetime format element, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.2
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), B
datatypes, 2.1.2
conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2.1.2
standards, 1.2, 1.2, B.1
supported datatypes, 2.1
analytic functions, 5.1.3
AVG, 5.1.5
CORR, 5.1.5
COUNT, 5.1.5
COVAR_POP, 5.1.5
COVAR_SAMP, 5.1.5
CUME_DIST, 5.1.5
DENSE_RANK, 5.1.5
FIRST, 5.1.5
FIRST_VALUE, 5.1.5
LAG, 5.1.5
LAST, 5.1.5
LAST_VALUE, 5.1.5
LEAD, 5.1.5
MAX, 5.1.5
MIN, 5.1.5
NTILE, 5.1.5
OVER clause, 5.1.3
PERCENT_CONT, 5.1.5
PERCENT_DISC, 5.1.5
PERCENT_RANK, 5.1.5
RANK, 5.1.5
RATIO_TO_REPORT, 5.1.5
ROW_NUMBER, 5.1.5
STDDEV, 5.1.5
STDDEV_POP, 5.1.5
STDDEV_SAMP, 5.1.5
SUM, 5.1.5
syntax, 5.1.3
user-defined, 14
VAR_POP, 5.1.5
VAR_SAMP, 5.1.5
VARIANCE, 5.1.5
ANALYZE ANY system privilege, 18
ANALYZE CLUSTER statement, 13
ANALYZE INDEX statement, 13
ANALYZE TABLE statement, 13
ANCILLARY TO clause
of CREATE OPERATOR, 15
AND condition, 7.4, 7.4
AND DATAFILES clause
of DROP TABLESPACE, 18, 18
ANSI. See American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
antijoins, 9.6.7
ANY operator, 7.2
APPEND hint, 2.6.4.2
APPENDCHILDXML function, 5.1.5
application servers
allowing connection as user, 13
applications
allowing connection as user, 13
securing, 14
validating, 14
AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE role, 18
AQ_TM_PROCESSES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
AQ_USER_ROLE role, 18
ARCHIVE LOG clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
archive mode
specifying, 14
ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
archived redo logs
location, 10.2
ARCHIVELOG clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
arguments
of operators, 4
arithmetic
operators, 4.2
with DATE values, 2.1.1.15
AS clause
of CREATE JAVA, 14
AS EXTERNAL clause
of CREATE FUNCTION, 15
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
AS OBJECT clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17
AS subquery clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16
of CREATE VIEW, 17
AS TABLE clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17
AS VARRAY clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17
ASC clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
ASCII
character set, 2.2.3
ASCII function, 5.1.5
ASCIISTR function, 5.1.5
ASIN function, 5.1.5
ASM_DISKGROUPS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10.2, 11, 14
ASM_DISKSTRING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11, 14
ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
ASSOCIATE STATISTICS statement, 13
asynchronous commit, 13
ATAN function, 5.1.5
ATAN2 function, 5.1.5
ATTRIBUTE clause
of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2
of CREATE DIMENSION, 14, 14
attributes
adding to a dimension, 10.2
dropping from a dimension, 10.2
maximum number of in object type, 16
of dimensions, defining, 14
of user-defined types
mapping to Java fields, 17
AUDIT ANY system privilege, 18
AUDIT SYSTEM system privilege, 18
AUDIT_FILE_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
AUDIT_SYSLOG_LEVEL initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
auditing
options
for SQL statements, 13
policies
value-based, 13
SQL statements, 13
by a proxy, 13
by a user, 13
SQL statements, on a directory, 13
SQL statements, on a schema, 13
SQL statements, stopping, 18
system privileges, 13
AUTHENTICATED BY clause
of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14
AUTHENTICATED clause
of ALTER USER, 13
AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED clause
of ALTER USER, 13
AUTHID CURRENT_USER clause
of ALTER JAVA, 10.2
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14, 14
of CREATE JAVA, 14, 14
of CREATE PACKAGE, 15
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
of CREATE TYPE, 13, 17
AUTHID DEFINER clause
of ALTER JAVA, 10.2
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14, 14
of CREATE JAVA, 14, 14
of CREATE PACKAGE, 15
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
of CREATE TYPE, 13, 17
AUTOALLOCATE clause
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
AUTOEXTEND clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
automatic segment-space management, 16
automatic undo mode, 11, 14
AVG function, 5.1.5

B

BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
BACKUP ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
BACKUP CONTROLFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
backups
incremental
and block change tracking, 10.2
BC datetime format element, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.2
BEFORE clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
BEFORE triggers, 16
BEGIN BACKUP clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
beginning backup of, 10.2
BFILE
datatype, 2.1.1.19
locators, 2.1.1.19
BFILENAME function, 5.1.5
BIN_TO_NUM function, 5.1.5
binary large objects. See BLOB
binary operators, 4.1.1
BINDING clause
of CREATE OPERATOR, 15
bindings
adding to an operator, 11
dropping from an operator, 11
bit vectors
converting to numbers, 5.1.5
BITAND function, 5.1.5
BITMAP clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
bitmap indexes, 14
creating join indexes, 14
BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
blank padding
specifying in format models, 2.4.3
suppressing, 2.4.3
BLANK_TRIMMING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
BLOB datatype, 2.1.1.20
transactional support, 2.1.1.20
BLOCKSIZE clause
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
BODY clause
of ALTER PACKAGE, 11
bottom-N reporting, 5.1.5, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
buffer cache
flushing, 11
BUFFER_POOL parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
BUILD DEFERRED clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
BUILD IMMEDIATE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
BY ACCESS clause
of AUDIT, 13
BY proxy clause
of AUDIT, 13
BY SESSION clause
of AUDIT, 13
BY user clause
of AUDIT, 13
BYTE character semantics, 2.1.1.1, 2.1.1.3
BYTE length semantics, 12

C

C clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
C method
mapping to an object type, 17
CACHE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 16
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
CACHE hint, 2.6.4.3
CACHE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
CACHE READS clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16
cached cursors
execution plan for, 18
CALL clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
CALL procedure statement
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
call spec. See call specifications
call specifications
in procedures, 15
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
of CREATE TYPE, 17
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
CALL statement, 13
calls
limiting CPU time for, 15
limiting data blocks read, 15
CARDINALITY function, 5.1.5
Cartesian products, 9.6.4
CASCADE clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
of DROP PROFILE, 17
of DROP USER, 18
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS clause
of DROP CLUSTER, 17
of DROP TABLE, 18
of DROP TABLESPACE, 18
of DROP VIEW, 18
of REVOKE, 18, 18
CASE expressions, 6.4
searched, 6.4
simple, 6.4
CAST function, 5.1.5
MULTISET parameter, 5.1.5
CATSEARCH condition, 4.1, 7.1
CEIL function, 5.1.5
chained rows
listing, 13
of clusters, 13
CHANGE CATEGORY clause
of ALTER OUTLINE, 11
CHANGE NOTIFICATION system privilege, 18
CHAR character semantics, 2.1.1.1, 2.1.1.3
CHAR datatype, 2.1.1.1
converting to VARCHAR2, 2.4.1
CHAR length semantics, 12
character functions, 5.1.1.2, 5.1.1.4
character large objects. See CLOB
character length semantics, 12
character literal. See text
character set
changing, 10.2
CHARACTER SET parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
character sets
common, 2.2.3
database, specifying, 14
multibyte characters, 2.8.1
specifying for database, 14
character strings
comparison rules, 2.2.3
exact matching, 2.4.3
fixed-length, 2.1.1.1
national character set, 2.1.1.2
variable length, 2.1.1.4
variable-length, 2.1.1.8
zero-length, 2.1.1.1
CHARTOROWID function, 5.1.5
CHECK clause
of constraints, 8
of CREATE TABLE, 16
check constraints, 8
CHECK DATAFILES clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CHECKPOINT clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
checkpoints
forcing, 11
CHR function, 5.1.5
CHUNK clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16
CIRCUITS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CLEAR LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
CLOB datatype, 2.1.1.21
transactional support, 2.1.1.21
clone databases
mounting, 10.2
CLOSE DATABASE LINK clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
CLUSTER clause
of ANALYZE, 13
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of CREATE TABLE, 16
of TRUNCATE, 19
CLUSTER hint, 2.6.4.4
CLUSTER_DATABASE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CLUSTER_ID function, 5.1.5
CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CLUSTER_PROBABILITY function, 5.1.5
CLUSTER_SET function, 5.1.5
clusters
assigning tables to, 16
caching retrieved blocks, 14
cluster indexes, 14
collecting statistics on, 13
creating, 14, 14
deallocating unused extents, 10.2
degree of parallelism
changing, 10.2, 10.2
when creating, 14
dropping tables, 17
extents, allocating, 10.2, 10.2
granting system privileges for, 18
hash, 14
single-table, 14
sorted, 14, 16
indexed, 14
key values
allocating space for, 14
modifying space for, 10.2
migrated and chained rows in, 13, 13
modifying, 10.2
physical attributes
changing, 10.2
specifying, 14
releasing unused space, 10.2
removing from the database, 17
SQL examples, 17
storage attributes
changing, 10.2
storage characteristics, changing, 10.2
tablespace in which created, 14
validating structure, 13
COALESCE clause
for partitions, 12
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12, 12
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
COALESCE function, 5.1.5
as a variety of CASE expression, 5.1.5
COALESCE SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
COLLECT function, 5.1.5
collection functions, 5.1.1.9
collection types
multilevel, 16
collections
inserting rows into, 18
modifying, 12
modifying retrieval method, 12
nested tables, 2.1.3.4
testing for empty, 7.6.2
treating as a table, 18, 19, 19, 19
unnesting, 19
examples, 19
varrays, 2.1.3.3
collection-typed values
converting to datatypes, 5.1.5
column REF constraints, 8
of CREATE TABLE, 16
COLUMN_VALUE pseudocolumn, 3.4
columns
adding, 12
aliases for, 9.2
altering storage, 12
associating statistics with, 13
basing an index on, 14
collecting statistics on, 13
comments on, 13
creating comments about, 13
defining, 16
dropping from a table, 12
LOB
storage attributes, 12
maximum number of, 16
modifying existing, 12
parent-child relationships between, 14
properties, altering, 12, 12
qualifying names of, 9.2
REF
describing, 8
renaming, 12
restricting values for, 8
specifying as primary key, 8
specifying constraints on, 16
specifying default values, 16
storage properties, 16
substitutable, identifying type, 5.1.5
COLUMNS clause
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13
COMMENT ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
COMMENT clause
of COMMIT, 13
COMMENT statement, 13
comments, 2.6
adding to objects, 13
associating with a transaction, 13
dropping from objects, 13
in SQL statements, 2.6.1
on indextypes, 13
on operators, 13
on schema objects, 2.6.2
on table columns, 13
on tables, 13
removing from the data dictionary, 13
specifying, 2.6.1
viewing, 13
commit
asynchronous, 13
automatic, 13
COMMIT IN PROCEDURE clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
COMMIT statement, 13
COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
COMMIT_WRITE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
comparison conditions, 7.2
comparison functions
MAP, 17, 17
ORDER, 17, 17
comparison semantics
of character strings, 2.2.3
COMPATIBLE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
COMPILE clause
of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2
of ALTER FUNCTION, 10.2
of ALTER JAVA SOURCE, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER PACKAGE, 11
of ALTER PROCEDURE, 11
of ALTER TRIGGER, 13
of ALTER TYPE, 13
of ALTER VIEW, 13
of CREATE JAVA, 14
compiler switches
dropping and preserving, 10.2, 11, 11, 13, 13
COMPOSE function, 5.1.5
composite foreign keys, 8
composite partitioning
range-list, 12, 16
when creating a table, 16, 16
composite primary keys, 8
COMPOSITE_LIMIT parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
compound conditions, 7.11
compound expressions, 6.3
COMPRESS clause
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2
of CREATE TABLE, 16
compression
of index keys, 10.2
COMPUTE STATISTICS clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ANALYZE, 13
of CREATE INDEX, 14
CONCAT function, 5.1.5
concatenation operator, 4.3
conditions
comparison, 7.2
compound, 7.11
EXISTS, 7.10.1, 7.12
floating-point, 7.3
group comparison, 7.2.2
IN, 7.13
in SQL syntax, 7
IS [NOT] EMPTY, 7.6.2
IS ANY, 7.5.1
IS OF type, 7.14
IS PRESENT, 7.5.2
LIKE, 7.7.1
logical, 7.4
MEMBER, 7.6.3
membership, 7.6.3, 7.13
model, 7.5
multiset, 7.6
null, 7.9
pattern matching, 7.7
range, 7.8
SET, 7.6.1
simple comparison, 7.2.1
SUBMULTISET, 7.6.4
UNDER_PATH, 7.10.2
XML, 7.10
CONNECT BY clause
of queries and subqueries, 19
of SELECT, 9.3, 19
CONNECT clause
of SELECT and subqueries, 19
CONNECT role, 18
CONNECT THROUGH clause
of ALTER USER, 13
CONNECT TO clause
of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14
CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudocolumns, 3.1.1
CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF pseudocolumns, 3.1.2
CONNECT_BY_ROOT operator, 4.4.2
CONNECT_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 11
CONSIDER FRESH clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
constant values. See literals
CONSTRAINT(S) session parameter, 11
constraints
adding to a table, 12
altering, 12
check, 8
checking
at end of transaction, 8
at start of transaction, 8
at the end of each DML statement, 8
column REF, 8
deferrable, 8, 19
enforcing, 11
defining, 8, 16
for a table, 16
on a column, 16
disabling, 16
cascading, 16
disabling after table creation, 12
disabling during table creation, 16
dropping, 12, 12, 18
enabling, 16, 16
enabling after table creation, 12
enabling during table creation, 16
foreign key, 8
modifying existing, 12
on views
dropping, 13, 18
primary key, 8
attributes of index, 8
enabling, 16
referential integrity, 8
renaming, 12
restrictions, 8
setting state for a transaction, 19
storing rows in violation, 12
table REF, 8
unique
attributes of index, 8
enabling, 16
constructor methods
and object types, 17
constructors
defining for an object type, 17
user-defined, 17
CONTAINS condition, 4.1, 7.1
context namespaces
accessible to instance, 14
associating with package, 14
initializing using OCI, 14
initializing using the LDAP directory, 14
removing from the database, 17
contexts
creating namespaces for, 14
granting system privileges for, 18
control files
allowing reuse, 14, 14
backing up, 10.2
force logging mode, 14
re-creating, 14
CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
controlfile clauses
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
CONTROLFILE REUSE clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
controlfiles
standby, creating, 10.2
conversion
functions, 5.1.1.7
rules, string to date, 2.4.4
CONVERT clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
CONVERT function, 5.1.5
CORE_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CORR function, 5.1.5
CORR_K function, 5.1.5
CORR_S function, 5.1.5
correlated subqueries, 9.7
correlation functions
Kendall's tau-b, 5.1.5
Pearson's, 5.1.5
Spearman's rho, 5.1.5
correlation names
for base tables of indexes, 14
in DELETE, 17
in SELECT, 19
COS function, 5.1.5
COSH function, 5.1.5
COUNT function, 5.1.5
COVAR_POP function, 5.1.5
COVAR_SAMP function, 5.1.5
CPU_COUNT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CPU_PER_CALL parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
CPU_PER_SESSION parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
CREATE ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY CONTEXT system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY DIMENSION system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY DIRECTORY system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY INDEX system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY JOB system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY LIBRARY system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY SQL PROFILE system privilege, 18, 18
CREATE ANY SYNONYM system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY TYPE system privilege, 18
CREATE ANY VIEW system privilege, 18
CREATE CLUSTER statement, 14
CREATE CLUSTER system privilege, 18
CREATE CONTEXT statement, 14
CREATE CONTROLFILE statement, 14
CREATE DATABASE LINK statement, 14
CREATE DATABASE LINK system privilege, 18
CREATE DATABASE statement, 14
CREATE DATAFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
CREATE DIMENSION
system privilege, 18
CREATE DIMENSION statement, 14
CREATE DIRECTORY statement, 14
CREATE DISKGROUP statement, 14
CREATE EXTERNAL JOB system privilege, 18
CREATE FUNCTION statement, 14
CREATE INDEX
statement, 14
CREATE INDEXTYPE
statement, 14
CREATE INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18
CREATE JAVA statement, 14
CREATE JOB system privilege, 18
CREATE LIBRARY statement, 15
CREATE LIBRARY system privilege, 18
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 15
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW statement, 15
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW system privilege, 18
CREATE OPERATOR statement, 15
CREATE OPERATOR system privilege, 18
CREATE OUTLINE statement, 15
CREATE PACKAGE statement, 15
CREATE PFILE statement, 15
CREATE PROCEDURE statement, 15
CREATE PROCEDURE system privilege, 18
CREATE PROFILE statement, 15
CREATE PROFILE system privilege, 18
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system privilege, 18
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM system privilege, 18
CREATE RESTORE POINT statement, 15
CREATE ROLE statement, 15
CREATE ROLE system privilege, 18
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 15
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT system privilege, 18
CREATE SCHEMA statement, 15
CREATE SEQUENCE statement, 15
CREATE SEQUENCE system privilege, 18
CREATE SESSION system privilege, 18
CREATE SPFILE statement, 15
CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
CREATE statements
triggers on, 16
CREATE SYNONYM statement, 16
CREATE SYNONYM system privilege, 18
CREATE TABLE statement, 16
CREATE TABLE system privilege, 18
CREATE TABLESPACE statement, 16
CREATE TABLESPACE system privilege, 18
CREATE TRIGGER statement, 16
CREATE TRIGGER system privilege, 18
CREATE TYPE BODY statement, 17
CREATE TYPE statement, 17
CREATE TYPE system privilege, 18
CREATE USER statement, 17
CREATE USER system privilege, 18
CREATE VIEW statement, 17
CREATE VIEW system privilege, 18
CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES initialization parameter, 11
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
cross joins, 19
CUBE clause
of SELECT statements, 19
CUME_DIST function, 5.1.5
cumulative distributions, 5.1.5
currency
group separators, 2.4.1.1
currency symbol
ISO, 2.4.1.1
local, 2.4.1.1
union, 2.4.1.1
CURRENT_DATE function, 5.1.5
CURRENT_SCHEMA session parameter, 11
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function, 5.1.5
CURRENT_USER clause
of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14
CURRVAL pseudocolumn, 3.2, 15
CURSOR expressions, 6.5
CURSOR_SHARING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
CURSOR_SHARING_EXACT hint, 2.6.4.5
CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
cursors
cached, 18
CustomDatum Java storage format, 17
CV function, 5.1.5
CYCLE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

D

data
aggregation
composite columns of GROUP BY, 19
concatenated grouping sets of GROUP BY, 19
grouping sets, 19
analyzing a subset, 5.1.5
caching frequently used, 16
independence, 16
integrity checking on input, 2.1.1.6
retrieving, 9.1
specifying as temporary, 16
undo
preserving, 12, 16
data conversion, 2.2.6
between character datatypes, 2.2.6.2
implicit
disadvantages, 2.2.6.1
implicit versus explicit, 2.2.6.1
when performed implicitly, 2.2.6.2, 2.2.6.3
when specified explicitly, 2.2.6.4
data definition language (DDL)
events and triggers, 16
statements, 10.1.1
and implicit commit, 10.1.1
causing recompilation, 10.1.1
PL/SQL support, 10.1.1
statements requiring exclusive access, 10.1.1
data dictionary
adding comments to, 13
data manipulation language (DML)
allowing during indexing, 10.2
operations
and triggers, 16
during index creation, 14
during index rebuild, 12
parallelizing, 16
restricting operations, 11
retrieving affected rows, 17, 18, 19
retrieving rows affected by, 17, 18, 19
statements, 10.1.2
PL/SQL support, 10.1.2
data mining functions, 5.1.1.11
data object number
in extended rowids, 2.1.1.24
database
flashing back, 18
returning to a past time, 18
database links, 9.10
closing, 11
creating, 2.9.3.1, 14
creating synonyms with, 16
current user, 14
granting system privileges for, 18
naming, 2.9.3.1.1
public, 14
dropping, 17
referring to, 2.9.3.2
removing from the database, 17
shared, 14
syntax, 2.9.3.1.1
username and password, 2.9.3.1.2
database objects
dropping, 18
nonschema, 2.7.2, 2.7.2
schema, 2.7.1
database triggers. See triggers
databases, 10.2
accounts
creating, 17
allowing changes to, 11
allowing generation of redo logs, 10.2
allowing reuse of control files, 14
allowing unlimited resources to users, 15
archive mode
specifying, 14
blocks
specifying size, 16
cancel-based recovery, 10.2
terminating, 10.2
change-based recovery, 10.2
changing characteristics, 14
changing global name, 10.2
changing name, 14, 14
character set, specifying, 14
character sets
specifying, 14
committing to standby status, 10.2
connect strings, 2.9.3.1.3
controlling, 10.2
controlling use, 10.2
converting from Oracle7 data dictionary, 10.2
create script for, 10.2
creating, 14
datafiles
modifying, 10.2
specifying, 14
designing media recovery, 10.2
dropping, 17
ending backup of, 10.2
erasing all data from, 14
events
and triggers, 16
auditing, 16
transparent logging of, 16
granting system privileges for, 18
in FLASHBACK mode, 10.2
in FORCE LOGGING mode, 10.2, 14, 14
instances of, 14
limiting resources for users, 15
log files
modifying, 10.2
specifying, 14
managed recovery, 10.2
modifying, 10.2
mounting, 10.2, 10.2, 14
moving a subset to a different database, 12
namespace, 2.8.1
naming, 10.2
national character set
specifying, 14
no-data-loss mode, 10.2
online
adding log files, 10.2
opening, 10.2, 14
prepare to re-create, 10.2
preventing changes to, 10.2
protection mode of, 10.2
quiesced state, 11
read-only, 10.2
read/write, 10.2
reconstructing damaged, 10.2
recovering, 10.2, 10.2
recovery
allowing corrupt blocks, 10.2
testing, 10.2
with backup control file, 10.2
re-creating control file for, 14
remote
accessing, 9.10
authenticating users to, 14
connecting to, 14
inserting into, 18
service name of, 14
table locks on, 18
resetting
to an earlier version, 10.2
restoring earlier version of, 10.2, 12, 16
restricting users to read-only transactions, 10.2
resuming activity, 11
standby
adding log files, 10.2
suspending activity, 11
system user passwords, 14
tempfiles
modifying, 10.2
time zone
determining, 5.1.5
setting, valid values for, 10.2, 14
time-based recovery, 10.2
upgrading, 10.2
DATAFILE clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
DATAFILE clauses
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
DATAFILE OFFLINE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
DATAFILE ONLINE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
DATAFILE RESIZE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
datafiles
bringing online, 10.2
changing size of, 10.2
creating new, 10.2
defining for a tablespace, 16, 16, 16
defining for the database, 14
designing media recovery, 10.2
dropping, 12, 18, 18
enabling autoextend, 8
end online backup of, 10.2, 12
extending automatically, 8
online backup of, 12
online, updating information on, 11
putting online, 10.2
recover damaged, 10.2
recovering, 10.2
re-creating lost or damaged, 10.2
renaming, 10.2, 10.2
resizing, 10.2, 10.2
reusing, 8
size of, 8
specifying, 8, 8
for a tablespace, 16
specifying for database, 14
system generated, 10.2
taking offline, 10.2, 10.2
datatypes, 2.1
"Any" types, 2.1.5
ANSI-supported, 2.1
associating statistics with, 13, 13
BFILE, 2.1.1.19
BLOB, 2.1.1.20
CHAR, 2.1.1.1
character, 2.1.1
CLOB, 2.1.1.21
comparison rules, 2.2
converting to collection-typed values, 5.1.5
converting to other datatypes, 5.1.5
DATE, 2.1.1.9
datetime, 2.1.1.8
interval, 2.1.1.8
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, 2.1.1.14
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, 2.1.1.13
length semantics, 2.1.1.1, 2.1.1.3
LONG, 2.1.1.8
LONG RAW, 2.1.1.18
media types, 2.1.8
NCHAR, 2.1.1.2
NCLOB, 2.1.1.22
NUMBER, 2.1.1.6
NVARCHAR2, 2.1.1.3
Oracle-supplied types, 2.1.4
RAW, 2.1.1.18
ROWID, 2.1.1.22
SDO_TOPO_GEOMETRY, 2.1.7.2
spatial types, 2.1.7
TIMESTAMP, 2.1.1.10
TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 2.1.1.12
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 2.1.1.11
UROWID, 2.1.1.26
user-defined, 2.1.3
VARCHAR, 2.1.1.5
VARCHAR2, 2.1.1.4
XML types, 2.1.6
DATE columns
converting to datetime columns, 12
DATE datatype, 2.1.1.9
julian, 2.1.1.9.1
date format models, 2.4.2, 2.4.2.1.2
long, 2.4.2.1.2
punctuation in, 2.4.2.1.2
short, 2.4.2.1.2
text in, 2.4.2.1.2
date functions, 5.1.1.5
dates
arithmetic, 2.1.1.15
comparison rules, 2.2.2
datetime arithmetic, 2.1.1.15
boundary cases, 11
calculating daylight saving time, 2.1.1.16
datetime columns
creating from DATE columns, 12
datetime datatypes, 2.1.1.8
daylight saving time, 2.1.1.16
datetime expressions, 6.6
datetime field
extracting from a datetime or interval value, 5.1.5
datetime format elements, 2.4.2.1
and Globalization Support, 2.4.2.2
capitalization, 2.4.2.1.1
ISO standard, 2.4.2.3
RR, 2.4.2.4
suffixes, 2.4.2.5
datetime functions, 5.1.1.5
datetime literals, 2.3.3
DAY datetime format element, 2.4.2.2
daylight saving time, 2.1.1.16
boundary cases, 2.1.1.16
going into or coming out of effect, 2.1.1.16
DB_BLOCK_CHECKING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11, 11
DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_CACHE_ADVICE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_FILES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_NAME initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_UNIQUE_NAME initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB_WRITER_PROCESSES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DB2 datatypes, 2.1.2
restrictions on, 2.1.2
DBA role, 18
DBA_2PC_PENDING data dictionary view, 11
DBA_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
DBA_INDEXTYPE_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
DBA_MVIEW_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
DBA_OPERATOR_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS data dictionary view, 17
DBA_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
DBMS_OUTPUT package, 13
DBMS_ROWID package
and extended rowids, 2.1.1.24
DBMSSTDX.SQL script, 14, 15, 15, 15
and triggers, 16
DBTIMEZONE function, 5.1.5
DBWR_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DDL. See data definition language (DDL)
DEALLOCATE UNUSED clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18
DEBUG clause
of ALTER FUNCTION, 10.2
of ALTER PACKAGE, 11
of ALTER PROCEDURE, 11
of ALTER TRIGGER, 13
of ALTER TYPE, 13
DEBUG object privilege, 18
on a function, procedure, or package, 18
on a table, 18
on a view, 18
on an object type, 18
debugging
granting system privileges for, 18
decimal characters, 2.3.2.2
specifying, 2.4.1.1
DECODE function, 5.1.5
decoding functions, 5.1.1.13
DECOMPOSE function, 5.1.5
DEFAULT clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
DEFAULT COST clause
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13, 13
default index, suppressing, 15
DEFAULT profile
assigning to users, 17
DEFAULT ROLE clause
of ALTER USER, 13
DEFAULT SELECTIVITY clause
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13, 13
DEFAULT storage clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
default tablespace, 14
DEFAULT TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of ALTER USER, 13
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 17
default tablespaces
specifying for a user, 13
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
DEFERRABLE clause
of constraints, 8
deferrable constraints, 19
DEFERRED clause
of SET CONSTRAINTS, 19
definer-rights functions, 14
DELETE ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
DELETE object privilege, 18
on a table, 18
on a view, 18
DELETE statement, 17
error logging, 17
triggers on, 16
DELETE STATISTICS clause
of ANALYZE, 13
DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE role, 18
deletes during, 18
DELETEXML function, 5.1.5
DENSE_RANK function, 5.1.5
DEREF function, 5.1.5
DESC clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
DETERMINISTIC clause
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DG_BROKER_START initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
dimensions
attributes
adding, 10.2
changing, 10.2
defining, 14
dropping, 10.2
compiling invalidated, 10.2
creating, 14
defining levels, 14
examples, 14
granting system privileges for, 18
hierarchies
adding, 10.2
changing, 10.2
defining, 14
dropping, 10.2
levels
adding, 10.2
defining, 14
dropping, 10.2
parent-child hierarchy, 14
removing from the database, 17
directories. See directory objects
directory objects
as aliases for operating system directories, 14
auditing, 13, 13
creating, 14
granting system privileges for, 18
redefining, 14
removing from the database, 17
direct-path INSERT, 2.6.4.2, 18
DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DISABLE clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of CREATE TABLE, 16
DISABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DISABLE NOVALIDATE constraint state, 8
DISABLE PARALLEL DML clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
DISABLE QUERY REWRITE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DISABLE RESUMABLE clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
DISABLE STORAGE IN ROW clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16
DISABLE TABLE LOCK clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DISABLE VALIDATE constraint state, 8
DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS statement, 17
DISCONNECT SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
disk groups
altering, 10.2
creating, 14
creating a tablespace in, 16
creating failure groups, 10.2, 14
creating files in, 8
dropping, 17
specifying files in, 8
specifying files in control files, 14
DISK_ASYNCH_IO initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
diskgroups
rebalancing, 10.2
dispatcher processes
creating additional, 11
terminating, 11
DISPATCHERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
DISTINCT clause
of SELECT, 19
distinct queries, 19
distributed queries, 9.10
restrictions on, 9.10
DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
distribution
hints for, 2.6.4.51
DML. See data manipulation language (DML)
DML_LOCKS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
domain indexes, 14, 14, 14
and LONG columns, 12
associating statistics with, 13, 13
creating, prerequisites, 14
determining user-defined CPU and I/O costs, 18
example, E.1
invoking drop routines for, 18
modifying, 10.2
parallelizing creation of, 14
rebuilding, 10.2
removing from the database, 17
domain_index_clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
DOWNGRADE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
DRIVING_SITE hint, 2.6.4.6
DROP ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 18
DROP ANY CONTEXT system privilege, 18
DROP ANY DIMENSION system privilege, 18
DROP ANY DIRECTORY system privilege, 18
DROP ANY INDEX system privilege, 18
DROP ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18
DROP ANY LIBRARY system privilege, 18
DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system privilege, 18
DROP ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18
DROP ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 18
DROP ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18
DROP ANY ROLE system privilege, 18
DROP ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 18
DROP ANY SYNONYM system privilege, 18
DROP ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
DROP ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 18
DROP ANY TYPE system privilege, 18
DROP ANY VIEW system privilege, 18
DROP clause
of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2
of ALTER INDEXTYPE, 10.2
DROP CLUSTER statement, 17
DROP COLUMN clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DROP CONSTRAINT clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DROP constraint clause
of ALTER VIEW, 13
DROP CONTEXT statement, 17
DROP DATABASE LINK statement, 17
DROP DATABASE statement, 17
DROP DIMENSION statement, 17
DROP DIRECTORY statement, 17
DROP DISKGROUP statement, 17
DROP FUNCTION statement, 17
DROP INDEX statement, 17
DROP INDEXTYPE statement, 17
DROP JAVA statement, 17
DROP LIBRARY statement, 17
DROP LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
DROP LOGFILE MEMBER clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 17
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW statement, 17
DROP OPERATOR statement, 17
DROP OUTLINE statement, 17
DROP PACKAGE BODY statement, 17
DROP PACKAGE statement, 17
DROP PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DROP PRIMARY constraint clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DROP PROCEDURE statement, 17
DROP PROFILE statement, 17
DROP PROFILE system privilege, 18
DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system privilege, 18
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM system privilege, 18
DROP RESTORE POINT statement, 17
DROP ROLE statement, 17
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 17
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT system privilege, 18
DROP SEQUENCE statement, 18
DROP statements
triggers on, 16
DROP SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
DROP SUPPLEMENTAL LOG GROUP clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DROP SYNONYM statement, 18
DROP TABLE statement, 18
DROP TABLESPACE statement, 18
DROP TABLESPACE system privilege, 18
DROP TRIGGER statement, 18
DROP TYPE statement, 18
DROP UNIQUE constraint clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
DROP USER statement, 18
DROP USER system privilege, 18
DROP VALUES clause
of ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY PARTITION, 12
DROP VIEW statement, 18
DUAL dummy table, 2.8.1, 9.9
DUMP function, 5.1.5
DY datetime format element, 2.4.2.2
DYNAMIC_SAMPLING hint, 2.6.4.7

E

EBCDIC character set, 2.2.3
embedded SQL, 10.1.6
precompiler support, 10.1.6
EMPTY_BLOB function, 5.1.5
EMPTY_CLOB function, 5.1.5
ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
ENABLE clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TRIGGER, 13
of CREATE TABLE, 16
ENABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
ENABLE NOVALIDATE constraint state, 8
ENABLE PARALLEL DML clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
ENABLE QUERY REWRITE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
ENABLE RESUMABLE clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16
ENABLE TABLE LOCK clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
ENABLE VALIDATE constraint state, 8
encoding functions, 5.1.1.13
encryption, 16
encryption keys
generating, 11
END BACKUP clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of ALTER DATABASE ... DATAFILE, 10.2
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
enterprise users
allowing connection as database users, 13
environment functions, 5.1.1.15
equality test, 7.2
equijoins, 9.6.2
defining for a dimension, 14
equivalency tests, 7.13
error logging
of DELETE operations, 17
of INSERT operations, 18
of MERGE operations, 18
ERROR_ON_OVERLAP_TIME session parameter, 11
ESTIMATE STATISTICS clause
of ANALYZE, 13
EVENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
EXCEPTIONS INTO clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
restrictions, 12
EXCHANGE PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
EXCHANGE SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
exchanging partitions
restrictions on, 12
EXCLUDING NEW VALUES clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 18
EXECUTE ANY CLASS system privilege, 18
EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18
EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18
EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18
EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM system privilege, 18
EXECUTE ANY TYPE system privilege, 18
EXECUTE object privilege, 18
on a function, procedure, or package, 18
on a library, 18
on an indextype, 18
on an object type, 18
on an operator, 18
EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE role, 18
execution plans
determining, 18
dropping outlines for, 17
saving, 15
EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY system privilege, 18
EXISTS condition, 7.10.1, 7.12, 7.12
EXISTSNODE function, 5.1.5
EXP function, 5.1.5
EXP_FULL_DATABASE role, 18
EXPLAIN PLAN statement, 18
explicit data conversion, 2.2.6.1, 2.2.6.4
expressions
CASE, 6.4
changing declared type of, 5.1.5
comparing, 5.1.5
compound, 6.3
computing with the DUAL table, 9.9
CURSOR, 6.5
datetime, 6.6
in SQL syntax, 6.1
interval, 6.8
lists of, 6.14
model, 6.11
object access, 6.9
scalar subqueries as, 6.10
simple, 6.2
type constructor, 6.12
variable, 6.13
extended rowids, 2.1.1.24
base 64, 2.1.1.24
not directly available, 2.1.1.24
extensible indexing
example, E.1
EXTENT MANAGEMENT clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16, 16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY clause
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
extents
allocating for partitions, 12
allocating for subpartitions, 12
allocating for tables, 12
restricting access by instances, 10.2
specifying maximum number for an object, 8
specifying number allocated upon object creation, 8
specifying the first for an object, 8
specifying the percentage of size increase, 8
specifying the second for an object, 8
external functions, 14, 15, 15
external LOBs, 2.1.1.18
external procedures, 15, 15
running from remote database, 15
external tables, 16
access drivers, 16
altering, 12
creating, 16
ORACLE_DATAPUMP access driver, 16
ORACLE_LOADER access driver, 16
restrictions on, 16
external users, 15, 17
EXTRACT (datetime) function, 5.1.5
EXTRACT (XML) function, 5.1.5
EXTRACTVALUE function, 5.1.5

F

FACT hint, 2.6.4.8
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
failure groups
creating for a disk group, 10.2, 14
FAL_CLIENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FAL_SERVER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FAST_START_PARALLEL_ROLLBACK initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FEATURE_ID function, 5.1.5
FEATURE_SET function, 5.1.5
FEATURE_VALUE function, 5.1.5
FILE_MAPPING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FILEIO_NETWORK_ADAPTERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
files
specifying as a redo log file group, 8
specifying as datafiles, 8
specifying as tempfiles, 8
FILESYSTEMIO_OPTIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FINAL clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17
FIPS
compliance, B.9
flagging, 11
FIRST function, 5.1.5
FIRST_ROWS(n) hint, 2.6.4.9
FIRST_VALUE function, 5.1.5
FIXED_DATE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FLAGGER session parameter, 11
FLASHBACK ANY TABLE system privilege, 18, 18, 18
FLASHBACK DATABASE statement, 18
FLASHBACK object privilege, 18
flashback queries, 19
pseudocolumns for, 3.3
using with inserts, 18, 19
FLASHBACK TABLE statement, 18
FLOAT datatype, 2.1.1.7.2
floating-point conditions, 7.3
floating-point numbers, 2.1.1.7
converting to, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
handling NaN, 5.1.5
FLOOR function, 5.1.5
FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FLUSH SHARED POOL clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
FM format model modifier, 2.4.3
FOR clause
of ANALYZE ... COMPUTE STATISTICS, 13
of ANALYZE ... ESTIMATE STATISTICS, 13
of CREATE INDEXTYPE, 14
of EXPLAIN PLAN, 18, 18
FOR EACH ROW clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
FOR UPDATE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of SELECT, 19, 19
FORCE ANY TRANSACTION system privilege, 18
FORCE clause
of COMMIT, 13
of CREATE VIEW, 17
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17
of DROP INDEX, 17
of DROP INDEXTYPE, 17
of DROP OPERATOR, 17
of DROP TYPE, 18
of REVOKE, 18
of ROLLBACK, 18, 18
FORCE LOGGING clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
FORCE PARALLEL DML clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
FORCE TRANSACTION system privilege, 18
foreign key constraints, 8
foreign tables
rowids of, 2.1.1.26
format model modifiers, 2.4.3
format models, 2.4
changing the return format, 2.4.3.1
date, 2.4.2
changing, 2.4.2
default format, 2.4.2
format elements, 2.4.2.1
maximum length, 2.4.2
modifiers, 2.4.3
number, 2.4.1
number, elements of, 2.4.1.1
specifying, 2.4.3.1
XML, 2.4.5
formats
for dates and numbers. See format models
of return values from the database, 2.4
of values stored in the database, 2.4
free lists
specifying for a table, partition, cluster, or index, 8
specifying for LOBs, 16
FREELIST GROUPS parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
FREELISTS parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
FREEPOOLS parameter
of LOB storage, 16
FROM clause
of queries, 9.6.3
FROM COLUMNS clause
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17
FROM FUNCTIONS clause
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17
FROM INDEXES clause
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17
FROM INDEXTYPES clause
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17
FROM PACKAGES clause
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17
FROM TYPES clause
of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17
FROM_TZ function, 5.1.5
FULL hint, 2.6.4.10
full outer joins, 19
function expressions
built-in, 6.7
user-defined, 6.7
function-based indexes, 14
creating, 14
enabling, 10.2, 10.2, 10.2
enabling and disabling, 10.2
refreshing, 10.2, 10.2
functions
3GL, calling, 15
See also SQL functions
analytic
user-defined, 14
associating statistics with, 13, 13
avoiding run-time compilation, 10.2
built_in
as expressions, 6.7
calling, 13
changing the declaration of, 14
changing the definition of, 14
datatype of return value, 14
datetime, 5.1.1.5
DECODE, 5.1.5
defining an index on, 14
examples, 14
executing, 13
from parallel query processes, 14
external, 14, 15, 15
general comparison, 5.1.1.6
inverse distribution, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
issuing COMMIT or ROLLBACK statements, 11
linear regression, 5.1.5
naming rules, 2.8.1
partitioning
among parallel query processes, 14
privileges executed with, 13, 17
recompiling explicitly, 10.2
recompiling invalid, 10.2
re-creating, 14, 14
removing from the database, 17
returning collections, 14
returning results iteratively, 14
schema executed in, 13, 17
specifying schema and user privileges for, 14
statistics, assigning default cost, 13
statistics, defining default selectivity, 13
stored, 14
storing return value of, 13
synonyms for, 16
table, 14
user-defined, 5.1.5
aggregate, 14
as expressions, 6.7
using a saved copy, 14
FX format model modifier, 2.4.3

G

GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
GCS_SERVER_PROCESSES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
general recovery clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
geoimaging, 2.1.7
global indexes. See indexes, globally partitioned
GLOBAL PARTITION BY HASH clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
GLOBAL PARTITION BY RANGE clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14, 14
GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE system privilege, 18
GLOBAL TEMPORARY clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
global users, 15, 17
GLOBAL_NAMES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
Globalization Support
change session settings, 11
globally partitioned indexes, 14, 14
GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE system privilege, 18
GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE system privilege, 18
GRANT ANY ROLE system privilege, 18
GRANT clause
of ALTER USER, 13
GRANT CONNECT THROUGH clause
of ALTER USER, 13, 13, 13
GRAPHIC datatype
DB2, 2.1.2
SQL/DS, 2.1.2
greater than or equal to tests, 7.2
greater than tests, 7.2
GREATEST function, 5.1.5
GROUP BY clause
CUBE extension, 19
identifying duplicate groupings, 5.1.5
of SELECT and subqueries, 19, 19
ROLLUP extension of, 19
group comparison conditions, 7.2.2
group separator
specifying, 2.4.1.1
GROUP_ID function, 5.1.5
GROUPING function, 5.1.5
grouping sets, 19
GROUPING SETS clause
of SELECT and subqueries, 19
GROUPING_ID function, 5.1.5
groupings
filtering out duplicate, 5.1.5
GUARD ALL clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
GUARD clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
overriding, 11
GUARD NONE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
GUARD STANDBY clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

H

hash clusters
creating, 14
single-table, creating, 14
specifying hash function for, 14
HASH hint, 2.6.4.11
HASH IS clause
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
hash partitioning clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
hash partitions
adding, 12
coalescing, 12
HASH_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
HASHKEYS clause
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
HAVING condition
of GROUP BY clause, 19
heap-organized tables
creating, 16
hexadecimal value
returning, 2.4.1.1
HEXTORAW function, 5.1.5
HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
hierarchical function, 5.1.1.10
hierarchical queries, 3.1.3, 9.3, 19
child rows, 3.1.3, 9.3
CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudocolumn, 3.1.1
CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF pseudocolumn, 3.1.2
CONNECT_BY_ROOT operator, 4.4.2
illustrated, 3.1.3
leaf rows, 3.1.3
ordering, 19
parent rows, 3.1.3, 9.3
PRIOR operator, 4.4.1
pseudocolumns in, 3.1
retrieving root and node values, 5.1.5
hierarchical query clause
of SELECT and subqueries, 19
hierarchies
adding to a dimension, 10.2
dropping from a dimension, 10.2
of dimensions, defining, 14
HIERARCHY clause
of CREATE DIMENSION, 14, 14
high water mark
of clusters, 10.2
of indexes, 10.2
of tables, 12, 13
hints, 9.2
ALL_ROWS, 2.6.4.1
APPEND, 2.6.4.2
CACHE, 2.6.4.3
CLUSTER, 2.6.4.4
CURSOR_SHARING_EXACT, 2.6.4.5
DRIVING_SITE, 2.6.4.6
DYNAMIC_SAMPLING, 2.6.4.7
FACT, 2.6.4.8
FIRST_ROWS(n), 2.6.4.9
FULL, 2.6.4.10
HASH, 2.6.4.11
in SQL statements, 2.6.3
INDEX, 2.6.4.12
INDEX_ASC, 2.6.4.13
INDEX_COMBINE, 2.6.4.14
INDEX_DESC, 2.6.4.15
INDEX_FFS, 2.6.4.16
INDEX_JOIN, 2.6.4.17
INDEX_SS, 2.6.4.18
INDEX_SS_ASC, 2.6.4.19
INDEX_SS_DESC, 2.6.4.20
LEADING, 2.6.4.21
location syntax, 2.6.3
MERGE, 2.6.4.22
MODEL_MIN_ANALYSIS, 2.6.4.23
NO_EXPAND, 2.6.4.26
NO_FACT, 2.6.4.27
NO_INDEX, 2.6.4.28
NO_INDEX_FFS, 2.6.4.29
NO_INDEX_SS, 2.6.4.30
NO_MERGE, 2.6.4.31
NO_PARALLEL, 2.6.4.32
NO_PARALLEL_INDEX, 2.6.4.34
NO_PUSH_PRED, 2.6.4.36
NO_PUSH_SUBQ, 2.6.4.37
NO_PX_JOIN_FILTER, 2.6.4.38
NO_QUERY_TRANSFORMATION, 2.6.4.41
NO_REWRITE, 2.6.4.39
NO_STAR_TRANSFORMATION, 2.6.4.42
NO_UNNEST, 2.6.4.43
NO_USE_HASH, 2.6.4.44
NO_USE_MERGE, 2.6.4.45
NO_USE_NL, 2.6.4.46
NO_XML_QUERY_REWRITE, 2.6.4.47
NOAPPEND, 2.6.4.24
NOCACHE, 2.6.4.25
NOPARALLEL, 2.6.4.32
NOPARALLEL_INDEX, 2.6.4.34
NOREWRITE, 2.6.4.39
ORDERED, 2.6.4.48
PARALLEL, 2.6.4.49
PARALLEL_INDEX, 2.6.4.50
passing to the optimizer, 19
PQ_DISTRIBUTE, 2.6.4.51
PUSH_PRED, 2.6.4.52
PUSH_SUBQ, 2.6.4.53
PX_JOIN_FILTER, 2.6.4.54
QB_NAME, 2.6.4.55
REWRITE, 2.6.4.56
RULE, 2.6.4.57
specifying a query block, 2.6.3
STAR_TRANSFORMATION, 2.6.4.58
syntax, 2.6.3
UNNEST, 2.6.4.59
USE_CONCAT, 2.6.4.60
USE_HASH, 2.6.4.61
USE_MERGE, 2.6.4.62
USE_NL, 2.6.4.63
USE_NL_WITH_INDEX, 2.6.4.64
histograms
creating equiwidth, 5.1.5
HS_ADMIN_ROLE role, 18
HS_AUTOREGISTER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

I

IDENTIFIED BY clause
of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE
of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14
of SET ROLE, 19
IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY clause
of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE ROLE, 15
of CREATE USER, 17
IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY clause
of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE
of CREATE ROLE, 15
of CREATE USER, 17
identifier functions, 5.1.1.15
IDLE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
IEEE754
floating-point arithmetic, 2.1.1.7.2
Oracle conformance with, 2.1.1.7.2
IFILE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
IMMEDIATE clause
of SET CONSTRAINTS, 19
IMP_FULL_DATABASE role, 18
implicit data conversion, 2.2.6.1, 2.2.6.2, 2.2.6.3
IN conditions, 7.13
IN OUT parameter
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
IN parameter
of CREATE function, 14
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
INCLUDING CONTENTS clause
of DROP TABLESPACE, 18
INCLUDING DATAFILES clause
of ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE DROP clause, 10.2
INCLUDING NEW VALUES clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
INCLUDING TABLES clause
of DROP CLUSTER, 17
incomplete object types, 17
creating, 17, 17
INCREMENT BY clause
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
INCREMENT BY parameter
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
INDEX clause
of ANALYZE, 13
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
INDEX hint, 2.6.4.12
index keys
compression, 10.2
INDEX object privilege, 18
on a table, 18
index partitions
creating subpartitions, 14
index subpartitions, 14
INDEX_ASC hint, 2.6.4.13
INDEX_COMBINE hint, 2.6.4.14
INDEX_DESC hint, 2.6.4.15
INDEX_FFS hint, 2.6.4.16
INDEX_JOIN hint, 2.6.4.17
INDEX_SS hint, 2.6.4.18
INDEX_SS_ASC hint, 2.6.4.19
INDEX_SS_DESC hint, 2.6.4.20
indexed clusters
creating, 14
indexes, 10.2
allocating new extents for, 10.2
application-specific, 14
ascending, 14
based on indextypes, 14
bitmap, 14
bitmap join, 14
B-tree, 14
changing attributes, 10.2
changing parallelism of, 10.2
collecting statistics on, 13
computing statistics for, 10.2
creating, 14
creating on a cluster, 14
creating on a table, 14
deallocating unused space from, 10.2
descending, 14
and query rewrite, 14
as function-based indexes, 14
direct-path inserts, logging, 10.2
disassociating statistics types from, 17
domain, 14, 14, 14
domain, example, E.1
dropping index partitions, 17
examples, 14
full fast scans, 2.6.4.16
function-based, 14
creating, 14
global partitioned, creating, 14
globally partitioned, 14, 14
updating, 12
granting system privileges for, 18
join, bitmap, 14
key compression of, 10.2
key compression, enabling, 10.2
keys, eliminating repetition, 10.2
locally partitioned, 14
logging rebuild operations, 10.2
marking as UNUSABLE, 10.2
merging block contents, 10.2
merging contents of index blocks, 10.2
merging contents of index partition blocks, 10.2
modifying attributes, 10.2
moving, 10.2
on clusters, 14
on composite-partitioned tables, creating, 14
on hash-partitioned tables
creating, 14
on index-organized tables, 14
on list-partitioned tables
creating, 14
on nested table storage tables, 14
on partitioned tables, 14
on range-partitioned tables, creating, 14
on scalar typed object attributes, 14
on table columns, 14
on XMLType tables, 14
online, 14
parallelizing creation of, 14
partitioned, 2.9.4, 14
user-defined, 14
partitioning, 14
partitions, 14
adding new, 10.2
changing default attributes, 10.2
changing physical attributes, 10.2
changing storage characteristics, 10.2
coalescing hash partitions, 10.2
deallocating unused space from, 10.2
dropping, 10.2
marking UNUSABLE, 10.2, 12
modifying the real characteristics, 10.2
preventing use of, 10.2
rebuilding, 10.2
rebuilding unusable, 12
re-creating, 10.2
removing, 10.2
renaming, 10.2
specifying tablespace, 10.2
specifying tablespace for, 10.2
splitting, 10.2, 10.2
partitions, adding hash, 10.2
preventing use of, 10.2
purging from the recycle bin, 18
rebuilding, 10.2
rebuilding while online, 10.2
re-creating, 10.2
removing from the database, 17
renaming, 10.2, 10.2
reverse, 10.2, 10.2, 10.2, 14
specifying tablespace for, 10.2, 10.2
statistics on, 14
statistics on usage, 10.2
subpartitions
allocating extents for, 10.2
changing default attributes, 10.2
changing physical attributes, 10.2
changing storage characteristics, 10.2
deallocating unused space from, 10.2, 10.2
marking UNUSABLE, 10.2
modifying, 10.2
moving, 10.2
preventing use of, 10.2
rebuilding, 10.2
re-creating, 10.2
renaming, 10.2
specifying tablespace, 10.2
specifying tablespace for, 10.2
tablespace containing, 14
unique, 14
unsorted, 14
used to enforce constraints, 12, 16
validating structure, 13
on range-partitioned tables, 14, 14, 14
index-organized tables
bitmap indexes on, creating, 16
creating, 16
mapping tables, 12
creating, 16
moving, 12
merging contents of index blocks, 12
modifying, 12, 12
moving, 12
overflow segments
specifying storage, 12, 16
partitioned, updating secondary indexes, 10.2
PCT_ACCESS_DIRECT statistics, 13
primary key indexes
coalescing, 12
rebuilding, 12
rowids of, 2.1.1.26
secondary indexes, updating, 10.2
INDEXTYPE clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14, 14
indextypes
adding operators, 10.2
altering, 10.2
associating statistics with, 13, 13
changing implementation type, 10.2
comments on, 13
creating, 14
disassociating from statistics types, 17
drop routines, invoking, 17
granting system privileges for, 18
indexes based on, 14
instances, 14
removing from the database, 17
in-doubt transactions
forcing, 13
forcing commit of, 13
forcing rollback, 18, 18
rolling back, 18
inequality test, 7.2
INITCAP function, 5.1.5
INITIAL parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
initialization parameters
changing session settings, 11
INITIALIZED EXTERNALLY clause
of CREATE CONTEXT, 14
INITIALIZED GLOBALLY clause
of CREATE CONTEXT, 14
INITIALLY DEFERRED clause
of constraints, 8
INITIALLY IMMEDIATE clause
of constraints, 8
INITRANS parameter
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE INDEX. See CREATE TABLE
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See CREATE TABLE
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See CREATE TABLE
of CREATE TABLE, 8
inline constraints
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16
inline views, 9.7
inner joins, 9.6.5, 19
inner-N reporting, 5.1.5
INSERT ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
INSERT clause
of MERGE, 18
INSERT object privilege, 18
on a table, 18
on a view, 18
INSERT statement, 18
append, 2.6.4.2
error logging, 18
triggers on, 16
INSERTCHILDXML function, 5.1.5
inserts
and simultaneous update, 18
conditional, 18
conventional, 18
direct-path, 18
multitable, 18, 18
multitable, examples, 18
single-table, 18
using MERGE, 18
INSERTXMLBEFORE function, 5.1.5
instance recovery
continue after interruption, 10.2
INSTANCE session parameter, 11
INSTANCE_GROUPS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
INSTANCE_NAME initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
INSTANCE_NUMBER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
INSTANCE_TYPE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
instances
making index extents available to, 10.2
setting parameters for, 11
INSTANTIABLE clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17
INSTEAD OF clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
INSTEAD OF triggers, 16
INSTR function, 5.1.5
INSTR2 function, 5.1.5
INSTR4 function, 5.1.5
INSTRB function, 5.1.5
INSTRC function, 5.1.5
integers
generating unique, 15
in SQL syntax, 2.3.2.1
precision of, 2.3.2.1
syntax of, 2.3.2.1
integrity constraints. See constraints
internal LOBs, 2.1.1.18
International Standards Organization (ISO), B
standards, 1.2, 1.2, B.1
INTERSECT set operator, 4.5, 19
interval
arithmetic, 2.1.1.15
datatypes, 2.1.1.8
literals, 2.3.4
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND datatype, 2.1.1.14
INTERVAL expressions, 6.8
INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH datatype, 2.1.1.13
INTO clause
of EXPLAIN PLAN, 18
of INSERT, 18
INVALIDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
inverse distribution functions, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
invoker rights
altering for a Java class, 10.2
altering for an object type, 13
defining for a function, 14
defining for a Java class, 14, 14
defining for a package, 15
defining for a procedure, 15
defining for an object type, 17
invoker-rights functions
defining, 14
IS [NOT] EMPTY conditions, 7.6.2
IS ANY condition, 7.5.1
IS NOT NULL operator, 7.9
IS NULL operator, 7.9
IS OF type condition, 7.14
IS PRESENT condition, 7.5.2
ISO. See International Standards Organization (ISO)
ISOLATION_LEVEL session parameter, 11
ITERATION_NUMBER function, 5.1.5

J

Java
class
creating, 14, 14
dropping, 17
resolving, 10.2, 14
Java source schema object
creating, 14
methods
return type of, 17
resource
creating, 14, 14
dropping, 17
schema object
name resolution of, 14
source
compiling, 10.2, 14
creating, 14
dropping, 17
storage formats
CustomDatum, 17
SQLData, 17
JAVA clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
Java methods
mapping to an object type, 17
JAVA_MAX_SESSIONSPACE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
JAVA_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
JAVA_SOFT_SESSIONSPACE_LIMIT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
job scheduler object privileges, 18
JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
JOIN clause
of CREATE DIMENSION, 14
JOIN KEY clause
of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2
of CREATE DIMENSION, 14
join views
example, 17
making updatable, 17
modifying, 17, 18, 19
joins, 9.6
antijoins, 9.6.7
conditions
defining, 9.6.1
cross, 19
equijoins, 9.6.2
full outer, 19
inner, 9.6.5, 19
left outer, 19
natural, 19
outer, 9.6.6
and data densification, 9.6.6
on grouped tables, 9.6.6
restrictions, 9.6.6
parallel, 2.6.4.51
right outer, 19
self, 9.6.3
semijoins, 9.6.8
without join conditions, 9.6.4
Julian dates, 2.1.1.9.1

K

KEEP keyword
of FIRST function, 5.1.5
of LAST function, 5.1.5
with aggregate functions, 5.1.2
key compression, 16
definition, 10.2
disabling, 10.2, 14
enabling, 10.2
of index rebuild, 12
of indexes
disabling, 10.2
of index-organized tables, 16
key-preserved tables, 17
keywords, 2.8.1
in object names, 2.8.1
optional, A.1.2
required, A.1.1
KILL SESSION clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

L

LAG function, 5.1.5
LANGUAGE clause
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
of CREATE TYPE, 17
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
large object functions, 5.1.1.8
large objects. See LOB datatypes
LARGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LAST function, 5.1.5
LAST_DAY function, 5.1.5
LAST_VALUE function, 5.1.5
LDAP_DIRECTORY_ACCESS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LEAD function, 5.1.5
LEADING hint, 2.6.4.21
LEAST function, 5.1.5
left outer joins, 19
LENGTH function, 5.1.5
LENGTH2 function, 5.1.5
LENGTH4 function, 5.1.5
LENGTHB function, 5.1.5
LENGTHC function, 5.1.5
less than tests, 7.2
LEVEL clause
of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2
of CREATE DIMENSION, 14, 14
level columns
specifying default values, 16
LEVEL pseudocolumn, 3.1.3, 19
and hierarchical queries, 3.1.3
levels
adding to a dimension, 10.2
dropping from a dimension, 10.2
of dimensions, defining, 14
libraries
creating, 15
granting system privileges for, 18
re-creating, 15
removing from the database, 17
library units. See Java schema objects
LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LICENSE_MAX_USERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LIKE conditions, 7.7.1
linear regression functions, 5.1.5
LIST CHAINED ROWS clause
of ANALYZE, 13
list partitioning
adding default partition, 12
adding partitions, 12
adding values, 12
creating a default partition, 16
creating partitions, 16
dropping values, 12
merging default with nondefault partitions, 12
splitting default partition, 12
list subpartitions
adding, 12
listeners
registering, 11
literals
datetime, 2.3.3
in SQL statements and functions, 2.3
in SQL syntax, 2.3
interval, 2.3.4
LN function, 5.1.5
LNNVL function, 5.1.5
LOB columns
adding, 12
creating from LONG columns, 2.1.1.8, 12
defining properties
for materialized views, 15
modifying, 12
modifying storage, 12
restricted in joins, 9.6.1
restrictions on, 2.1.1.18
storage characteristics of materialized views, 11
LOB datatypes, 2.1.1.18
LOB storage clause
for partitions, 12
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15, 15, 15, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
LOBs
attributes, initializing, 2.1.1.18
columns
difference from LONG and LONG RAW, 2.1.1.18
populating, 2.1.1.18
external, 2.1.1.18
internal, 2.1.1.18
locators, 2.1.1.18
logging attribute, 16
modifying physical attributes, 12
number of bytes manipulated in, 16
saving old versions, 16, 16
saving values in a cache, 12, 16
specifying directories for, 14
storage
attributes, 16
characteristics, 8
in-line, 16
tablespace for
defining, 16
LOCAL clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14, 14
local users, 15, 17
LOCAL_LISTENER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
locale independent, 2.4.2.1.2
locally managed tablespaces
altering, 12
storage attributes, 8
locally partitioned indexes, 14
LOCALTIMESTAMP function, 5.1.5
location transparency, 16
LOCK ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
LOCK TABLE statement, 18
LOCK_SGA initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
locking
automatic
overriding, 18
locks. See table locks
log data
collection during update operations, 10.2
log file clauses
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
log files
adding, 10.2
dropping, 10.2
modifying, 10.2
registering, 10.2
renaming, 10.2
specifying for the database, 14
LOG function, 5.1.5
log groups
adding, 12
dropping, 12
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_LOCAL_FIRST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_BUFFER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
LOGFILE clause
OF CREATE DATABASE, 14
LOGFILE GROUP clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
logging
and redo log size, 8
specifying minimal, 8
supplemental
dropping, 10.2
supplemental, adding log groups, 10.2, 12
supplemental, dropping log groups, 10.2, 12
LOGGING clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
logical conditions, 7.4
logical standby database
aborting, 10.2, 10.2
activating, 10.2
stopping, 10.2, 10.2
LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 11
LogMiner
supplemental logging, 10.2, 12, 16
LOGOFF database event
triggers on, 16
LOGON database event
triggers on, 16
LONG columns
and domain indexes, 12
converting to LOB, 2.1.1.8, 12
restrictions on, 2.1.1.8
to store text strings, 2.1.1.8
to store view definitions, 2.1.1.8
where referenced from, 2.1.1.8
LONG datatype, 2.1.1.8
in triggers, 2.1.1.8
LONG RAW datatype, 2.1.1.18
converting from CHAR data, 2.1.1.18
LONG VARGRAPHIC datatype
DB2, 2.1.2, 2.1.2
SQL/DS, 2.1.2
LOWER function, 5.1.5
LPAD function, 5.1.5
LTRIM function, 5.1.5

M

MAKE_REF function, 5.1.5
MANAGE SCHEDULER system privilege, 18
MANAGE TABLESPACE system privilege, 18
managed recovery
of database, 10.2
wait period of, 10.2
managed standby recovery
as background process, 10.2
create a logical standby from the physical standby, 10.2
overriding delays, 10.2
returning control during, 10.2
terminating automatically, 10.2
terminating existing, 10.2
MANAGED STANDBY RECOVERY clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
MAP MEMBER clause
of ALTER TYPE, 13
of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17
MAP methods
defining for a type, 17
specifying, 13
MAPPING TABLE clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
mapping tables
of index-organized tables, 12, 16
modifying, 12
master databases, 15
master tables, 15
MATCHES condition, 4.1, 7.1
materialized join views, 15
materialized view logs, 15
adding columns, 11
creating, 15
excluding new values from, 11
logging changes to, 11
object ID based, 11
parallelizing creation, 15
partition attributes, changing, 11
partitioned, 15
physical attributes
changing, 11
specifying, 15
removing from the database, 17
required for fast refresh, 15
rowid based, 11
saving new values in, 11
saving old values in, 15
storage attributes
specifying, 15
materialized views, 15
allowing update of, 15
changing from rowid-based to primary-key-based, 11
changing to primary-key-based, 11
complete refresh, 11, 15
compression of, 11, 15
constraints on, 8
creating, 15
creating comments about, 13
degree of parallelism, 11, 11
during creation, 15
enabling and disabling query rewrite, 15
examples, 15, 15
fast refresh, 11, 15, 15
forced refresh, 11
granting system privileges for, 18
index characteristics
changing, 11
indexes that maintain, 15
join, 15
LOB storage attributes, 11
logging changes to, 11
master table, dropping, 17
object type, creating, 15
partitions, 11
compression of, 11, 15
physical attributes, 15
changing, 11
primary key, 15
recording values in master table, 11
query rewrite
eligibility for, 8
enabling and disabling, 11
re-creating during refresh, 11
refresh, 10.2
after DML on master table, 11, 15
mode, changing, 11
on next COMMIT, 11, 15
using trusted constraints, 15
refresh, time, changing, 11
refreshing, 10.2
removing from the database, 17
restricting scope of, 15
retrieving data from, 19
revalidating, 11
rowid, 15
rowid values
recording in master table, 11
saving blocks in a cache, 11
storage attributes, 15
changing, 11
subquery, 15
suppressing creation of default index, 15
synonyms for, 16
when to populate, 15
for replication, 15, 15
MAX function, 5.1.5
MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
MAX_DISPATCHERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
MAX_SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
MAXDATAFILES parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
MAXEXTENTS parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
MAXINSTANCES parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
OF CREATE DATABASE, 14
MAXLOGFILES parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
MAXLOGHISTORY parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
MAXLOGMEMBERS parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
MAXSIZE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
MAXTRANS parameter
of physical_attributes_clause, 8
MAXVALUE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
media recovery
avoid on startup, 10.2
designing, 10.2
disabling, 10.2
from specified redo logs, 10.2
of database, 10.2
of datafiles, 10.2
of standby database, 10.2
of tablespaces, 10.2
performing ongoing, 10.2
preparing for, 10.2, 10.2
restrictions, 10.2
sustained standby recovery, 10.2
MEDIAN function, 5.1.5
median values, 5.1.5
MEMBER clause
of ALTER TYPE, 13
of CREATE TYPE, 17
MEMBER conditions, 7.6.3
membership conditions, 7.6.3, 7.13
MERGE ANY VIEW system privilege, 18
MERGE hint, 2.6.4.22
MERGE PARTITIONS clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MERGE statement, 18, 18
error logging, 18
inserts during, 18
updates during, 18
merge_insert_clause
of MERGE, 18
methods
overriding a method a supertype, 17
preventing overriding in subtypes, 17
static, 17
without implementation, 17
migrated rows
listing, 13
of clusters, 13
MIN function, 5.1.5
MINEXTENTS parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
MINIMIZE RECORDS PER BLOCK clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MINIMUM EXTENT clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
MINUS set operator, 4.5, 19
MINVALUE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
MOD function, 5.1.5
MODE clause
of LOCK TABLE, 18
MODEL clause
of SELECT, 19, 19
model conditions, 7.5
IS ANY, 7.5.1
IS PRESENT, 7.5.2
model expression, 6.11
model functions, 5.1.5
CV, 5.1.5
ITERATION_NUMBER, 5.1.5
PRESENTNNV, 5.1.5
PRESENTV, 5.1.5
PREVIOUS, 5.1.5
MODEL_MIN_ANALYSIS hint, 2.6.4.23
MODIFY clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MODIFY CONSTRAINT clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
of ALTER VIEW, 13
MODIFY DEFAULT ATTRIBUTES clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MODIFY LOB storage clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MODIFY NESTED TABLE clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
MODIFY PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MODIFY scoped_table_ref_constraint clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
MODIFY SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MODIFY VARRAY clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
MON datetime format element, 2.4.2.2
MONITORING clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
MONITORING USAGE clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
MONTH datetime format element, 2.4.2.2
MONTHS_BETWEEN function, 5.1.5
MOUNT clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
MOVE clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
MOVE ONLINE clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MOVE PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MOVE SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
MTS. See shared server
multilevel collections, 16
multiset conditions, 7.6
MULTISET EXCEPT operator, 4.6.1
MULTISET INTERSECT operator, 4.6.2
multiset operators, 4.6
MULTISET EXCEPT, 4.6.1
MULTISET INTERSECT, 4.6.2
MULTISET UNION, 4.6.3
MULTISET parameter
of CAST function, 5.1.5
MULTISET UNION operator, 4.6.3
multitable inserts, 18
conditional, 18
examples, 18
unconditional, 18
multi-threaded server. See shared server

N

NAME clause
of SET TRANSACTION, 19
NAMED clause
of CREATE JAVA, 14
namespace, database, 2.8.1
namespaces
and object naming rules, 2.8.1
for nonschema objects, 2.8.1
for schema objects, 2.8.1
NANVL function, 5.1.5
national character set
changing, 10.2
fixed versus variable width, 2.1.1.3
multibyte character data, 2.1.1.22
multibyte character sets, 2.1.1.2, 2.1.1.3
variable-length strings, 2.1.1.3
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET parameter
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
natural joins, 19
NCHAR datatype, 2.1.1.2
NCHR function, 5.1.5
NCLOB datatype, 2.1.1.22
transactional support of, 2.1.1.22
nested subqueries, 9.7
NESTED TABLE clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
nested tables, 2.1.3.4, 5.1.5, 5.1.5, 7.6.1
changing returned value, 12
combining, 4.6
compared with varrays, 2.2.5
comparison rules, 2.2.5
creating, 17, 17
creating from existing columns, 5.1.5
defining as index-organized tables, 12
determining hierarchy, 7.6.4
dropping the body of, 18
dropping the specification of, 18
in materialized views, 15, 15
indexing columns of, 14
modifying, 12, 13
modifying column properties, 12
multilevel, 16
of scalar types, modifying, 13
storage characteristics of, 12, 16
update in a view, 16
NEW_TIME function, 5.1.5
NEXT clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 11
NEXT parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
NEXT_DAY function, 5.1.5
NEXTVAL pseudocolumn, 3.2, 15
NLS character functions, 5.1.1.3
NLS_CALENDAR initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN function, 5.1.5
NLS_CHARSET_ID function, 5.1.5
NLS_CHARSET_NAME function, 5.1.5
NLS_COMP initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_CURRENCY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_DATE_FORMAT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE initialization parameter, 2.4.2.2
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_INITCAP function, 5.1.5
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_LANGUAGE initialization parameter, 2.4.2.2, 9.5
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS initialization parameter
overriding, 2.1.1.1
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10.2, 11
NLS_LOWER function, 5.1.5
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_SORT initialization parameter, 9.5
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_TERRITORY initialization parameter, 2.4.2.2
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
NLS_UPPER function, 5.1.5
NLSSORT function, 5.1.5
NO FORCE LOGGING clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
NO_EXPAND hint, 2.6.4.26
NO_FACT hint, 2.6.4.27
NO_INDEX hint, 2.6.4.28
NO_INDEX_FFS hint, 2.6.4.29
NO_INDEX_SS hint, 2.6.4.30
NO_MERGE hint, 2.6.4.31
NO_PARALLEL hint, 2.6.4.32
NO_PARALLEL_INDEX, 2.6.4.34
NO_PUSH_PRED hint, 2.6.4.36
NO_PUSH_SUBQ hint, 2.6.4.37
NO_PX_JOIN_FILTER hint, 2.6.4.38
NO_QUERY_TRANSFORMATION hint, 2.6.4.41
NO_REWRITE hint, 2.6.4.39
NO_STAR_TRANSFORMATION hint, 2.6.4.42
NO_UNNEST hint, 2.6.4.43
NO_USE_HASH hint, 2.6.4.44
NO_USE_MERGE hint, 2.6.4.45
NO_USE_NL hint, 2.6.4.46
NO_XML_QUERY_REWRITE hint, 2.6.4.47
NOAPPEND hint, 2.6.4.24
NOARCHIVELOG clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
OF CREATE DATABASE, 10.2, 14
NOAUDIT statement, 18
NOCACHE clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11, 11
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
of ALTER TABLE, 16
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
NOCACHE hint, 2.6.4.25
NOCOMPRESS clause
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of CREATE TABLE, 16
NOCOPY clause
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
NOCYCLE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
NOFORCE clause
of CREATE JAVA, 14
of CREATE VIEW, 17
NOLOGGING mode
and force logging mode, 8
for nonpartitioned objects, 8
for partitioned objects, 8
NOMAXVALUE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
NOMINIMIZE RECORDS PER BLOCK clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
NOMINVALUE parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
NOMONITORING clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
NOMONITORING USAGE clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
NONE clause
of SET ROLE, 19
nonempty subsets of, 5.1.5
nonequivalency tests, 7.13
nonschema objects
list of, 2.7.2
namespaces, 2.8.1
NOORDER parameter
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
NOPARALLEL clause
of CREATE INDEX, 8, 16
NOPARALLEL hint, 2.6.4.32
NOPARALLEL_INDEX hint, 2.6.4.34
NORELY clause
of constraints, 8
NORESETLOGS clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
NOREVERSE parameter
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2, 10.2
NOREWRITE hint, 2.6.4.39
NOROWDEPENDENCIES clause
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of CREATE TABLE, 16
NOSORT clause
of ALTER INDEX, 14
NOT condition, 7.4, 7.4
NOT DEFERRABLE clause
of constraints, 8
NOT FINAL clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17
NOT IDENTIFIED clause
of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE
of CREATE ROLE, 15
NOT IN subqueries
converting to NOT EXISTS subqueries, 5.1.5
NOT INSTANTIABLE clause
of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17
NOT NULL clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
NOWAIT clause
of LOCK TABLE, 18
NTILE function, 5.1.5
null, 2.5
difference from zero, 2.5
in conditions, 2.5.3
table of, 2.5.3
in functions, 2.5.1
with comparison conditions, 2.5.2
null conditions, 7.9
NULLIF function, 5.1.5
as a form of CASE expression, 5.1.5
NULL-related functions, 5.1.1.14
NUMBER datatype, 2.1.1.6
converting to VARCHAR2, 2.4.1
precision, 2.1.1.6
scale, 2.1.1.6
number format models, 2.4.1
number functions, 5.1.1.1
numbers
comparison rules, 2.2.1
floating-point, 2.1.1.6, 2.1.1.7
in SQL syntax, 2.3.2
precision of, 2.3.2.2
spelling out, 2.4.2.5
syntax of, 2.3.2.2
numeric precedence, 2.1.1.8
NUMTODSINTERVAL function, 5.1.5
NUMTOYMINTERVAL function, 5.1.5
NVARCHAR2 datatype, 2.1.1.3
NVL function, 5.1.5
NVL2 function, 5.1.5

O

O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
object access expressions, 6.9
OBJECT IDENTIFIER clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
object identifiers
contained in REFs, 2.1.3.2
of object views, 17
primary key, 16
specifying, 16, 17
specifying an index on, 16
system-generated, 16
object instances
types of, 7.14
object privileges
DEBUG, 18
FLASHBACK, 18
granting, 15
multiple, 15
on specific columns, 18
on a database object
revoking, 18
ON COMMIT REFRESH, 18
QUERY REWRITE, 18
revoking, 18
from a role, 18, 18
from a user, 18, 18
from PUBLIC, 18
UNDER, 18
object reference functions, 5.1.4
object tables
adding rows to, 18
as part of hierarchy, 16
creating, 16, 16
querying, 16
system-generated column name, 16, 16, 17, 17
updating to latest version, 12
upgrading, 12
object type columns
defining properties
for materialized views, 15, 15
in a type hierarchy, 16
membership in hierarchy, 12
modifying properties
for tables, 12, 12
substitutability, 12
object type materialized views
creating, 15
object types, 2.1.3.1
adding methods to, 13
adding new member subprograms, 13
allowing object instances of, 17
allowing subtypes, 17
and subtypes, 13
and supertypes, 13
attributes, 2.9.5
in a type hierarchy, 16
membership in hierarchy, 12
substitutability, 12
bodies
creating, 17
re-creating, 17
SQL examples, 17
comparison rules, 2.2.4
MAP function, 2.2.4
ORDER function, 2.2.4
compiling the specification and body, 13
components of, 2.1.3.1
creating, 17, 17
defining member methods of, 17
disassociating statistics types from, 18
dropping methods from, 13
dropping the body of, 18
dropping the specification of, 18
function subprogram
declaring, 17
function subprograms, 13, 17
granting system privileges for, 18
handling dependent types, 13
identifiers, 3.5
incomplete, 17, 17
inheritance, 17
invalidating dependent types, 13
MAP methods, 17
methods, 2.9.5
nested table, 17
ORDER methods, 17
privileges on subtypes, 18
procedure subprogram
declaring, 17
procedure subprograms, 13, 17
references to. See REFs
root, specifying, 17
SQL examples, 17
static methods of, 17
statistics types, 13
subtypes, specifying, 17
top-level, 17
user-defined
creating, 17
values
comparing, 17, 17, 17
values of, 3.6
varrays, 17
object views, 17
base tables
adding rows, 18
creating, 17
creating subviews, 17
defining, 17
querying, 17
OBJECT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_PERCENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OBJECT_CACHE_OPTIMAL_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OBJECT_ID pseudocolumn, 3.5, 16, 16, 17, 17
OBJECT_VALUE pseudocolumn, 3.6
objects. See object types or database objects
ODCIIndexInsert method
indextype support of, 10.2, 14
OF clause
of CREATE VIEW, 17
OFFLINE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
OIDINDEX clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
OIDs. See object identifiers
OLAP_PAGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
ON clause
of CREATE OUTLINE, 15
ON COMMIT clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
ON COMMIT REFRESH object privilege, 18
on a materialized view, 18
ON COMMIT REFRESH system privilege, 18
ON DATABASE clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
ON DEFAULT clause
of AUDIT, 13
of NOAUDIT, 18
ON DELETE CASCADE clause
of constraints, 8
ON DELETE SET NULL clause
of constraints, 8
ON DIRECTORY clause
of AUDIT, 13, 13
of NOAUDIT, 18
ON NESTED TABLE clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
ON object clause
of NOAUDIT, 18
of REVOKE, 18
ON PREBUILT TABLE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
ON SCHEMA clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
online backup
of tablespaces, ending, 12
ONLINE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
online indexes, 14
rebuilding, 12
ONLINE parameter
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2
online redo logs
reinitializing, 10.2
OPEN clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
OPEN READ ONLY clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
OPEN READ WRITE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
OPEN_CURSORS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OPEN_LINKS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OPEN_LINKS_PER_INSTANCE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
operands, 4
operating system files
dropping, 18, 18
removing, 10.2
operators, 4
adding to indextypes, 10.2
altering, 11
arithmetic, 4.2
binary, 4.1.1
comments on, 13
concatenation, 4.3
CONNECT_BY_ROOT, 4.4.2
dropping from indextypes, 10.2
granting
system privileges for, 18
MULTISET EXCEPT, 4.6.1
MULTISET INTERSECT, 4.6.2
MULTISET UNION, 4.6.3
precedence, 4.1.2
PRIOR, 4.4.1
set, 4.5, 19
specifying implementation of, 15
unary, 4.1.1
user-defined, 4.7
binding to a function, 11, 15
creating, 15
dropping, 17
how bindings are implemented, 15
implementation type, 15
return type of binding, 15
user-defined, compiling, 11
OPTIMAL parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_SAMPLING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OPTIMIZER_INDEX_CACHING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OPTIMIZER_MODE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OPTIMIZER_SECURE_VIEW_MERGING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OR condition, 7.4, 7.4
OR REPLACE clause
of CREATE CONTEXT, 14
of CREATE DIRECTORY, 14
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14, 14
of CREATE LIBRARY, 15
of CREATE OUTLINE, 15
of CREATE PACKAGE, 15
of CREATE PACKAGE BODY, 15
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
of CREATE TYPE, 17
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
of CREATE VIEW, 17
ORA_HASH function, 5.1.5
ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumns, 3.7
Oracle Call Interface, 1.5
Oracle Expression Filter
conditions, 7.1
operators, 4.1
Oracle reserved words, D
Oracle Text
built-in conditions, 4.1, 7.1
CATSEARCH, 4.1, 7.1
CONTAINS, 4.1, 7.1
creating domain indexes, 14
MATCHES, 4.1, 7.1
Oracle Tools
support of SQL, 1.5
ORDAudio datatype, 2.1.8.1
ORDDoc datatype, 2.1.8.5
ORDER BY clause
of queries, 9.5
of SELECT, 9.5, 19, 19
with ROWNUM, 3.9
ORDER clause
of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE
ORDER MEMBER clause
of ALTER TYPE, 13
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
ORDER methods
defining for a type, 17
specifying, 13
ORDER parameter
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause
of SELECT, 19
ORDERED hint, 2.6.4.48
ORDImage datatype, 2.1.8.2
ORDImageSignature datatype, 2.1.8.3
ordinal numbers
specifying, 2.4.2.5
spelling out, 2.4.2.5
ORDVideo datatype, 2.1.8.4
ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
ORGANIZATION HEAP clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
ORGANIZATION INDEX clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OS_ROLES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
OUT parameter
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15
outer joins, 9.6.6
restrictions, 9.6.6
outlines
assign to a different category, 11
assigning to a different category, 11, 11
copying, 15
creating, 15
creating on statements, 15
dropping from the database, 17
enabling and disabling dynamically, 15
for use by current session, 15
for use by PUBLIC, 15
granting
system privileges for, 18
private, use by the optimizer, 11
rebuilding, 11, 11
recompiling, 11
renaming, 11, 11, 11
replacing, 15
storing during the session, 11
storing groups of, 15
use by the optimizer, 11
use to generate execution plans, 11
used to generate execution plans, 15
out-of-line constraints
of CREATE TABLE, 16
OVER clause
of analytic functions, 5.1.3
OVERFLOW clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE TABLE, 16
OVERRIDING clause
of ALTER TYPE, 13
of CREATE TYPE, 17

P

package bodies
creating, 15
re-creating, 15
removing from the database, 17
packaged procedures
dropping, 17
packages
associating statistics with, 13, 13
avoiding run-time compilation, 11
creating, 15
disassociating statistics types from, 17
invoker rights, 15
recompiling explicitly, 11
redefining, 15
removing from the database, 17
specifying schema and privileges of, 15
synonyms for, 16
PARALLEL clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11, 11
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
parallel execution
hints, 2.6.4.49
of DDL statements, 11
of DML statements, 11
PARALLEL hint, 2.6.4.49
PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PARALLEL_ENABLE clause
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MESSAGE_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PARALLEL_INDEX hint, 2.6.4.50
PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
parameter files
creating, 15
parameters
in syntax
optional, A.1.2
required, A.1.1
PARAMETERS clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
PARTITION ... LOB storage clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
PARTITION BY HASH clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
PARTITION BY LIST clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
PARTITION BY RANGE clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
PARTITION clause
of ANALYZE, 13
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of CREATE TABLE, 16
of DELETE, 17
of INSERT, 18
of LOCK TABLE, 18
of UPDATE, 19
partition_storage_clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
partitioned indexes, 2.9.4, 14, 14, 14
local, creating, 14
user-defined, 14
partitioned index-organized tables
secondary indexes, updating, 10.2
partitioned tables, 2.9.4
partition-extended table names
in DML statements, 2.9.4
restrictions on, 2.9.4
syntax, 2.9.4
partitioning
by range, 16
clauses
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of materialized view logs, 11, 15
of materialized views, 11, 15, 15
partitions
adding, 12
adding rows to, 18
allocating extents for, 12
based on literal values, 16
composite
specifying, 16
converting into nonpartitioned tables, 12
deallocating unused space from, 12
dropping, 12
exchanging with tables, 12
extents
allocating for an index, 10.2
hash
adding, 12
coalescing, 12
specifying, 16
index, 14
inserting rows into, 18
list, adding, 12
LOB storage characteristics of, 12
locking, 18
logging attribute, 16
logging insert operations, 12
merging, 12
modifying, 12, 12
moving to a different segment, 12
physical attributes
changing, 12
range
adding, 12
specifying, 16
removing rows from, 12, 17
renaming, 12
revising values in, 19
splitting, 12
storage characteristics, 8
tablespace for
defining, 16
PASSWORD EXPIRE clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 17
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
passwords
expiration of, 17
grace period, 15
guaranteeing complexity, 15
limiting use and reuse, 15
locking, 15
making unavailable, 15
parameters
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
special characters in, 15
PATH_VIEW, 7.10.1, 7.10.2
pattern-matching conditions, 7.7
PCT_ACCESS_DIRECT statistics
for index-organized tables, 13
PCTFREE parameter
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE TABLE, 8
PCTINCREASE parameter
of STORAGE clause, 8
PCTTHRESHOLD parameter
of CREATE TABLE, 16
PCTUSED parameter
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE INDEX. See CREATE TABLE
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See CREATE TABLE.
of CREATE TABLE, 8
PCTVERSION parameter
of LOB storage, 16
of LOB storage clause, 12
PERCENT_RANK function, 5.1.5
PERCENTILE_CONT function, 5.1.5
PERCENTILE_DISC function, 5.1.5
PERMANENT clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
physical attributes clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
physical standby database
activating, 10.2
PIPELINED clause
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
plan stability, 15
PLAN_TABLE sample table, 18
PL/SQL
program body
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
PL/SQL compiler
parameters, 10.2, 11, 11, 13, 13
PLSQL_CCFLAGS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PLSQL_CODE_TYPE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PLSQL_DEBUG initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PLSQL_DEBUG session parameter, 11
PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_SUBDIR_COUNT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PLSQL_V2_COMPATIBILITY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PLSQL_WARNINGS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
P.M. datetime format element, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.2
POSIX regular expression standard, C
POWER function, 5.1.5
POWERMULTISET function, 5.1.5
POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY function, 5.1.5
PQ_DISTRIBUTE hint, 2.6.4.51
PRAGMA clause
of ALTER TYPE, 13
of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 13
PRE_PAGE_SGA initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
precedence
of conditions, 7.1.1
of numbers, 2.1.1.8
of operators, 4.1.2
precision
number of digits of, 2.3.2.2
of NUMBER datatype, 2.1.1.6
precompilers, 1.5
PREDICTION function, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_COST function, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_DETAILS function, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_PROBABILITY function, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_SET function, 5.1.5
PREPARE TO SWITCHOVER clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
PRESENTNNV function, 5.1.5
PRESENTV function, 5.1.5
PREVIOUS function, 5.1.5
PRIMARY KEY clause
of constraints, 8
of CREATE TABLE, 16
primary key constraints, 8
enabling, 16
index on, 16
primary keys
generating values for, 15
PRIOR clause
of hierarchical queries, 9.3
PRIOR operator, 4.4.1
PRIVATE clause
of CREATE OUTLINE, 15
private outlines
use by the optimizer, 11
PRIVATE_SGA parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 11
privileges
on subtypes of object types, 18
revoking from a grantee, 18
See also system privileges or object privileges
procedures
3GL, calling, 15
avoid run-time compilation, 11
calling, 13
compile explicitly, 11
creating, 15, 15
declaring
as a Java method, 15
as C functions, 15
executing, 13
external, 15, 15
running from remote database, 15
granting
system privileges for, 18
invalidating local objects dependent on, 17
issuing COMMIT or ROLLBACK statements, 11
naming rules, 2.8.1
privileges executed with, 13, 17
recompiling, 11
re-creating, 15
removing from the database, 17
schema executed in, 13, 17
specifying schema and privileges for, 15
synonyms for, 16
PROCESSES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
PROFILE clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 17
profiles
adding resource limits, 11
assigning to a user, 17
changing resource limits, 11
creating, 15
examples, 15
deassigning from users, 17
dropping resource limits, 11
granting
system privileges for, 18
modifying, examples, 11
removing from the database, 17
proxy clause
of ALTER USER, 13, 13, 13
pseudocolumns, 3
COLUMN_VALUE, 3.4
CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE, 3.1.1
CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF, 3.1.2
CURRVAL, 3.2
hierarchical queries, 3.1
LEVEL, 3.1.3
NEXTVAL, 3.2
OBJECT_ID, 3.5, 16, 16, 17, 17
OBJECT_VALUE, 3.6
ORA_ROWSCN, 3.7
ROWID, 3.8
ROWNUM, 3.9
uses for, 3.9
versions queries, 3.3
XMLDATA, 3.10
PUBLIC clause
of CREATE OUTLINE, 15
of CREATE SYNONYM, 16
of DROP DATABASE LINK, 17
public database links
dropping, 17
public synonyms, 16
dropping, 18
PURGE statement, 18
PUSH_PRED hint, 2.6.4.52
PUSH_SUBQ hint, 2.6.4.53
PX_JOIN_FILTER hint, 2.6.4.54

Q

QB_NAME hint, 2.6.4.55
queries, 9.1, 19
comments in, 9.2
compound, 9.5
correlated
left correlation, 19
defined, 9.1
distributed, 9.10
grouping returned rows on a value, 19
hierarchical. See hierarchical queries
hierarchical, ordering, 19
hints in, 9.2
join, 9.6, 19
locking rows during, 19
multiple versions of rows, 19
of past data, 19
ordering returned rows, 19
outer joins in, 19
referencing multiple tables, 9.6
select lists of, 9.2
selecting from a random sample of rows, 19
sorting results, 9.5
syntax, 9.1
top-level, 9.1
top-N, 3.9
query rewrite
and dimensions, 14
defined, 19
QUERY REWRITE object privilege, 18
on a materialized view, 18
QUERY REWRITE system privilege, 18
QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
QUERY_REWRITE_INTEGRITY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
QUIESCE RESTRICTED clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
QUOTA clause
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 17

R

range conditions, 7.8
range partitions
adding, 12
creating, 16
values of, 16
RANK function, 5.1.5
RATIO_TO_REPORT function, 5.1.5
RAW datatype, 2.1.1.18
converting from CHAR data, 2.1.1.18
RAWTOHEX function, 5.1.5
RAWTONHEX function, 5.1.5
RDBMS_SERVER_DN initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
READ object privilege, 18
on a materialized directory, 18
READ ONLY clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
READ WRITE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
READ_ONLY_OPEN_DELAYED initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
REBUILD clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER OUTLINE, 11
REBUILD PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
REBUILD SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
REBUILD UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
RECOVER AUTOMATIC clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
RECOVER CANCEL clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVER clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
RECOVER CONTINUE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVER DATABASE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVER DATAFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVER LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
RECOVER STANDBY DATAFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVER STANDBY TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVER TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RECOVERABLE, 10.2, 16
See also LOGGING clause
recovery
discarding data, 10.2
distributed, enabling, 11
instance, continue after interruption, 10.2
media, designing, 10.2
media, performing ongoing, 10.2
of database, 10.2
recovery clauses
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER role, 18
RECOVERY_PARALLELISM initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
recycle bin
purging objects from, 18
RECYCLEBIN initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
redo log files
specifying, 8
specifying for a controlfile, 14
redo logs, 10.2
adding, 10.2, 10.2
applying to logical standby database, 10.2
archive location, 11
automatic archiving, 11
starting, 11
stopping, 11
automatic name generation, 10.2, 10.2
clearing, 10.2
dropping, 10.2, 10.2
enabling and disabling thread, 10.2
manual archiving, 11
all, 11
by group number, 11
by SCN, 11
current, 11
next, 11
with sequence numbers, 11
members
adding to existing groups, 10.2
dropping, 10.2
renaming, 10.2
remove changes from, 10.2
reusing, 8
size of, 8
specifying, 8, 14
for media recovery, 10.2
specifying archive mode, 14
switching groups, 11
REF columns
rescoping, 11
specifying, 16
specifying from table or column, 16
REF constraints
defining scope, for materialized views, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
REF function, 5.1.5
REFERENCES clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
REFERENCES object privilege, 18
on a table, 18
on a view, 18
REFERENCING clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16, 16
referential integrity constraints, 8
REFRESH clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
REFRESH COMPLETE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
REFRESH FAST clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
REFRESH FORCE clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
REFRESH ON COMMIT clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
REFRESH ON DEMAND clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
REFs, 2.1.3.2, 8
as containers for object identifiers, 2.1.3.2
dangling, 13
updating, 13
validating, 13
REFTOHEX function, 5.1.5
REGISTER clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
REGISTER LOGFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
REGR_AVGX function, 5.1.5
REGR_AVGY function, 5.1.5
REGR_COUNT function, 5.1.5
REGR_INTERCEPT function, 5.1.5
REGR_R2 function, 5.1.5
REGR_SLOPE function, 5.1.5
REGR_SXX function, 5.1.5
REGR_SXY function, 5.1.5
REGR_SYY function, 5.1.5
regular expression
Perl-influenced operators, C.3
regular expressions
multilingual syntax, C.1
operators, multilingual enhancements, C.2
Oracle support of, C
relational tables
creating, 16, 16
RELY clause
of constraints, 8
REMAINDER function, 5.1.5
REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
REMOTE_LISTENER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE initialization parameter
and databases, 14
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
REMOTE_OS_ROLES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
RENAME clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER OUTLINE, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of ALTER TRIGGER, 13
RENAME CONSTRAINT clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
RENAME DATAFILE clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
RENAME FILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
RENAME GLOBAL_NAME clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
RENAME PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
RENAME statement, 18
RENAME SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
REPLACE AS OBJECT clause
of ALTER TYPE, 13
REPLACE function, 5.1.5
replication
row-level dependency tracking, 14, 16
REPLICATION_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
reserved words, 2.8.1, D
RESET COMPATIBILITY clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
reset sequence of, 10.2
RESETLOGS parameter
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
RESOLVE clause
of ALTER JAVA CLASS, 10.2
of CREATE JAVA, 14
RESOLVER clause
of ALTER JAVA CLASS, 10.2
of ALTER JAVA SOURCE, 10.2
of CREATE JAVA, 14
Resource Manager, 11
resource parameters
of CREATE PROFILE, 15
RESOURCE role, 18
RESOURCE_LIMIT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
RESOURCE_VIEW, 7.10.1, 7.10.2
response time
optimizing, 2.6.4.9
restore point
using
to flash back a table, 18
to flashback the database, 18
RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma
of ALTER TYPE, 13
restricted rowids, 2.1.1.23
compatibility and migration of, 2.1.1.25
RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege, 18, 18
resumable space allocation, 11
RESUMABLE system privilege, 18
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
RESUME clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
RETENTION parameter
of LOB storage, 16
RETURN clause
of CREATE FUNCTION, 14
of CREATE OPERATOR, 15
of CREATE TYPE, 17
of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17
RETURNING clause
of DELETE, 17
of INSERT, 18, 18
of UPDATE, 19, 19, 19
REUSE clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
of file specifications, 8
REUSE SETTINGS clause
of ALTER FUNCTION, 10.2
of ALTER PACKAGE, 11
of ALTER PROCEDURE, 11
of ALTER TRIGGER, 13
of ALTER TYPE, 13
REVERSE clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
reverse indexes, 14
REVERSE parameter
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2, 10.2
REVOKE clause
of ALTER USER, 13
REVOKE CONNECT THROUGH clause
of ALTER USER, 13, 13, 13
REVOKE statement, 18
REWRITE hint, 2.6.4.56
right outer joins, 19
RNDS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17
RNPS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17
roles
AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE, 18
AQ_USER_ROLE, 18
authorization
by a password, 15
by an external service, 15
by the database, 15
by the enterprise directory service, 15
changing, 11
CONNECT, 18
creating, 15
DBA, 18
DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE, 18
disabling
for the current session, 19, 19
enabling
for the current session, 19, 19
EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE, 18
EXP_FULL_DATABASE, 18
granting, 18
system privileges for, 18
to a user, 18
to another role, 18
to PUBLIC, 18
HS_ADMIN_ROLE, 18
identifying by password, 15
identifying externally, 15
identifying through enterprise directory service, 15
identifying using a package, 15
IMP_FULL_DATABASE, 18
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER, 18
removing from the database, 17
RESOURCE, 18
revoking, 18
from another role, 17, 18
from PUBLIC, 18
from users, 17, 18
SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE, 18
SNMPAGENT, 18
rollback segments
granting
system privileges for, 18
removing from the database, 17
specifying optimal size of, 8
ROLLBACK statement, 18
rollback undo, 11, 14
ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
ROLLUP clause
of SELECT statements, 19
ROUND function
date function, 5.1.5
format models, 5.1.5
number function, 5.1.5
routines
calling, 13
executing, 13
ROW EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 18
ROW SHARE lock mode, 18
ROW_NUMBER function, 5.1.5
ROWDEPENDENCIES clause
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of CREATE TABLE, 16
ROWID datatype, 2.1.1.22
ROWID pseudocolumn, 2.1.1.22, 2.1.1.26, 3.8
rowids
block portion of, 2.1.1.23
description of, 2.1.1.22
extended, 2.1.1.24
base 64, 2.1.1.24
not directly available, 2.1.1.24
file portion of, 2.1.1.23
nonphysical, 2.1.1.26
of foreign tables, 2.1.1.26
of index-organized tables, 2.1.1.26
restricted, 2.1.1.23
compatibility and migration of, 2.1.1.25
row portion of, 2.1.1.23
uses for, 3.8
ROWIDTOCHAR function, 5.1.5
ROWIDTONCHAR function, 5.1.5
row-level dependency tracking, 14, 16
ROWNUM pseudocolumn, 3.9
uses for, 3.9
rows
adding to a table, 18
allowing movement of between partitions, 16
inserting
into partitions, 18
into remote databases, 18
into subpartitions, 18
movement between partitions, 16
removing
from a cluster, 19
from a table, 19
from partitions and subpartitions, 17
from tables and views, 17
selecting in hierarchical order, 9.3
specifying constraints on, 8
storing if in violation of constraints, 12
RPAD function, 5.1.5
RR datetime format element, 2.4.2.4
RTRIM function, 5.1.5
RULE hint, 2.6.4.57
run-time compilation
avoiding, 11, 13

S

SAMPLE clause
of SELECT, 19
of SELECT and subqueries, 19
SAVEPOINT statement, 19
savepoints
erasing, 13
rolling back to, 18, 18
specifying, 19
scalar subqueries, 6.10
scalar subquery expressions, 6.10
scale
greater than precision, 2.1.1.6
of NUMBER datatype, 2.1.1.6
SCHEMA clause
of CREATE JAVA, 14
schema objects, 2.7.1
auditing
options, 13
defining default buffer pool for, 8
dropping, 18
in other schemas, 2.9.2
list of, 2.7.1
name resolution, 2.9.1
namespaces, 2.8.1
naming
examples, 2.8.2
guidelines, 2.8.3
rules, 2.8.1
object types, 2.1.3.1
on remote databases, 2.9.3
partitioned indexes, 2.9.4
partitioned tables, 2.9.4
parts of, 2.8
protecting location, 16
protecting owner, 16
providing alternate names for, 16
reauthorizing, 10.1.1
recompiling, 10.1.1
referring to, 2.9, 11
remote, accessing, 14
validating structure, 13
schemas
changing for a session, 11
creating, 15
definition of, 2.7.1
scientific notation, 2.4.1.1
SCOPE FOR clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
SDO_GEOMETRY datatype, 2.1.7
SDO_GEORASTER datatype, 2.1.7
SDO_TOPO_GEOMETRY datatype, 2.1.7.2
security
enforcing, 16
security clauses
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
segment attributes clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
SEGMENT MANAGEMENT clause
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
segments
space management
automatic, 16
manual, 16
using bitmaps, 16
using free lists, 16
table
compacting, 10.2, 11, 11, 12
SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege, 18
SELECT ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 18
SELECT ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
select lists, 9.2
ordering, 9.5
SELECT object privilege, 18
on a materialized view, 18
on a sequence, 18
on a table, 18
on a view, 18
SELECT statement, 9.1, 19
SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE role, 18
self joins, 9.6.3
semijoins, 9.6.8
sequences, 3.2, 15
accessing values of, 15
changing
the increment value, 11
creating, 15
creating without limit, 15
granting
system privileges for, 18
guarantee consecutive values, 15
how to use, 3.2.2
increment value, setting, 15
incrementing, 15
initial value, setting, 15
maximum value
eliminating, 11
setting, 15
setting or changing, 11
minimum value
eliminating, 11
setting, 15
setting or changing, 11
number of cached values, changing, 11
ordering values, 11
preallocating values, 15
recycling values, 11
removing from the database, 18
renaming, 18
restarting, 18
at a different number, 11
at a predefined limit, 15
values, 15
reusing, 15
stopping at a predefined limit, 15
synonyms for, 16
where to use, 3.2.1
server parameter files
creating, 15
server wallet
keys, 11
SERVERERROR event
triggers on, 16, 16
service name
of remote database, 14
SERVICE_NAMES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
session control statements, 10.1.4
PL/SQL support of, 10.1.4
session locks
releasing, 11
session parameters
changing settings, 11
INSTANCE, 11
PLSQL_DEBUG, 11
SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SESSION_ROLES view, 19
sessions
calculating resource cost limits, 11
changing resource cost limits, 11
disconnecting, 11
granting
system privileges for, 18
limiting CPU time, 11
limiting data block reads, 11
limiting inactive periods, 11
limiting private SGA space, 11
limiting resource costs, 11
limiting total elapsed time, 11
limiting total resources, 11
modifying characteristics of, 11
restricting, 11
restricting to privileged users, 11
switching to a different instance, 11
terminating, 11
time zone setting, 11
SESSIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SESSIONS_PER_USER parameter
of ALTER PROFILE, 11
SESSIONTIMEZONE function, 5.1.5
SET clause
of ALTER SESSION, 11
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SET conditions, 7.6.1
SET CONSTRAINT(S) statement, 19
SET DANGLING TO NULL clause
of ANALYZE, 13
SET DATABASE clause
of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14
SET function, 5.1.5
SET KEY clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
set operators, 4.5, 19
INTERSECT, 4.5
MINUS, 4.5
UNION, 4.5
UNION ALL, 4.5
SET ROLE statement, 19
SET STANDBY DATABASE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
SET STATEMENT_ID clause
of EXPLAIN PLAN, 18
SET TIME_ZONE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
of ALTER SESSION, 11
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
SET TRANSACTION statement, 19
SET UNUSED clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
SET WALLET clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SGA. See system global area (SGA)
SGA_MAX_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SGA_TARGET initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SHADOW_CORE_DUMP initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 18
SHARE UPDATE lock mode, 18
SHARED clause
of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14
shared pool
flushing, 11
shared server
processes
creating additional, 11
terminating, 11
system parameters, 11
SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SHARED_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
short-circuit evaluation
DECODE function, 5.1.5
SHRINK SPACE clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
SHUTDOWN clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SHUTDOWN event
triggers on, 16
SI_AverageColor datatype, 2.1.8.8
SI_Color datatype, 2.1.8.7
SI_ColorHistogram datatype, 2.1.8.9
SI_FeatureList datatype, 2.1.8.12
SI_PositionalColorHistogram datatype, 2.1.8.10
SI_StillImage datatype, 2.1.8.6
SI_Texture datatype, 2.1.8.11
siblings
ordering in a hierarchical query, 19
SIGN function, 5.1.5
simple comparison conditions, 7.2.1
simple expressions, 6.2
SIN function, 5.1.5
SINGLE TABLE clause
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
single-row functions, 5.1.1
single-table insert, 18
SINH function, 5.1.5
SIZE clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of file specifications, 8
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES session parameter, 11
SMTP_OUT_SERVER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SNMPAGENT role, 18
SOME operator, 7.2
SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SORT_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SOUNDEX function, 5.1.5
SP datetime format element suffix, 2.4.2.5
special characters
in passwords, 15
SPECIFICATION clause
of ALTER PACKAGE, 11
spelled numbers
specifying, 2.4.2.5
SPFILE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SPLIT PARTITION clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
SPTH datetime format element suffix, 2.4.2.5
SQL comments
XMLCOMMENT, 5.1.5
SQL functions
ABS, 5.1.5
ACOS, 5.1.5
ADD_MONTHS, 5.1.5
aggregate, 5.1.2
analytic, 5.1.3
APPENDCHILDXML, 5.1.5
applied to LOB columns, 5.1
ASCII, 5.1.5
ASCIISTR, 5.1.5
ASIN, 5.1.5
ATAN, 5.1.5
ATAN2, 5.1.5
AVG, 5.1.5
BFILENAME, 5.1.5
BIN_TO_NUM, 5.1.5
BITAND, 5.1.5
CARDINALITY, 5.1.5
CAST, 5.1.5
CEIL, 5.1.5
character
returning character values, 5.1.1.2
returning number values, 5.1.1.4
CHARTOROWID, 5.1.5
CHR, 5.1.5
CLUSTER_ID, 5.1.5
CLUSTER_PROBABILITY, 5.1.5
CLUSTER_SET, 5.1.5
COALESCE, 5.1.5
COLLECT, 5.1.5
collection, 5.1.1.9
COMPOSE, 5.1.5
CONCAT, 5.1.5
conversion, 5.1.1.7
CONVERT, 5.1.5
CORR, 5.1.5
CORR_K, 5.1.5
CORR_S, 5.1.5
COS, 5.1.5
COSH, 5.1.5
COUNT, 5.1.5
COVAR_POP, 5.1.5
COVAR_SAMP, 5.1.5
CUME_DIST, 5.1.5
CURRRENT_DATE, 5.1.5
CURRRENT_TIMESTAMP, 5.1.5
CV, 5.1.5
data mining, 5.1.1.11
date, 5.1.1.5
DBTIMEZONE, 5.1.5
DECOMPOSE, 5.1.5
DELETEXML, 5.1.5
DENSE_RANK, 5.1.5
DEREF, 5.1.5
DUMP, 5.1.5
EMPTY_BLOB, 5.1.5
EMPTY_CLOB, 5.1.5
encoding and decoding, 5.1.1.13
environment and identifier, 5.1.1.15
EXISTSNODE, 5.1.5
EXP, 5.1.5
EXTRACT (datetime), 5.1.5
EXTRACT (XML), 5.1.5
EXTRACTXML, 5.1.5
FEATURE_ID, 5.1.5
FEATURE_SET, 5.1.5
FEATURE_VALUE, 5.1.5
FIRST, 5.1.5
FIRST_VALUE, 5.1.5
FLOOR, 5.1.5
FROM_TZ, 5.1.5
general comparison functions, 5.1.1.6
GREATEST, 5.1.5
GROUP_ID, 5.1.5
GROUPING, 5.1.5
GROUPING_ID, 5.1.5
HEXTORAW, 5.1.5
hierarchical, 5.1.1.10
INITCAP, 5.1.5
INSERTCHILDXML, 5.1.5
INSERTXMLBEFORE, 5.1.5
INSTR, 5.1.5
INSTR2, 5.1.5
INSTR4, 5.1.5
INSTRB, 5.1.5
INSTRC, 5.1.5
ITERATION_NUMBER, 5.1.5
LAG, 5.1.5
large object, 5.1.1.8
LAST, 5.1.5
LAST_DAY, 5.1.5
LAST_VALUE, 5.1.5
LEAD, 5.1.5
LEAST, 5.1.5
LENGTH, 5.1.5
LENGTH2, 5.1.5
LENGTH4, 5.1.5
LENGTHB, 5.1.5
LENGTHC, 5.1.5
linear regression, 5.1.5
LN, 5.1.5
LNNVL, 5.1.5
LOCALTIMESTAMP, 5.1.5
LOG, 5.1.5
LOWER, 5.1.5
LPAD, 5.1.5
LTRIM, 5.1.5
MAKE_REF, 5.1.5
MAX, 5.1.5
MEDIAN, 5.1.5
MIN, 5.1.5
MOD, 5.1.5
model, 5.1.5
MONTHS_BETWEEN, 5.1.5
NANVL, 5.1.5
NCHR, 5.1.5
NEW_TIME, 5.1.5
NEXT_DAY, 5.1.5
NLS character, 5.1.1.3
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN, 5.1.5
NLS_CHARSET_ID, 5.1.5
NLS_CHARSET_NAME, 5.1.5
NLS_INITCAP, 5.1.5
NLS_LOWER, 5.1.5
NLS_UPPER, 5.1.5
NLSSORT, 5.1.5
NLV2, 5.1.5
NTILE, 5.1.5
NULLIF, 5.1.5
NULL-related, 5.1.1.14
number, 5.1.1.1
NUMTODSINTERVAL, 5.1.5
NUMTOYMINTERVAL, 5.1.5
NVL, 5.1.5
object reference, 5.1.4
ORA_HASH, 5.1.5
PERCENT_RANK, 5.1.5
PERCENTILE_CONT, 5.1.5
PERCENTILE_DISC, 5.1.5
POWER, 5.1.5
POWERMULTISET, 5.1.5
POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY, 5.1.5
PREDICTION, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_COST, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_DETAILS, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_PROBABILITY, 5.1.5
PREDICTION_SET, 5.1.5
PRESENTNNV, 5.1.5
PRESENTV, 5.1.5
PREVIOUS, 5.1.5
RANK, 5.1.5
RATIO_TO_REPORT, 5.1.5
RAWTOHEX, 5.1.5
RAWTONHEX, 5.1.5
REF, 5.1.5
REFTOHEX, 5.1.5
REGR_AVGX, 5.1.5
REGR_AVGY, 5.1.5
REGR_COUNT, 5.1.5
REGR_INTERCEPT, 5.1.5
REGR_R2, 5.1.5
REGR_SLOPE, 5.1.5
REGR_SXX, 5.1.5
REGR_SXY, 5.1.5
REGR_SYY, 5.1.5
REMAINDER, 5.1.5
REPLACE, 5.1.5
ROUND (date), 5.1.5
ROUND (number), 5.1.5
ROW_NUMBER, 5.1.5
ROWIDTOCHAR, 5.1.5
ROWIDTONCHAR, 5.1.5
RPAD, 5.1.5
RTRIM, 5.1.5
SESSIONTIMEZONE, 5.1.5
SET, 5.1.5
SIGN, 5.1.5
SIN, 5.1.5
single-row, 5.1.1
SINH, 5.1.5
SOUNDEX, 5.1.5
SQRT, 5.1.5
STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST, 5.1.5
STATS_CROSSTAB, 5.1.5
STATS_F_TEST, 5.1.5
STATS_KS_TEST, 5.1.5
STATS_MODE, 5.1.5
STATS_MW_TEST, 5.1.5
STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_INDEP, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_ONE, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_WSR_TEST, 5.1.5
STDDEV, 5.1.5
STDDEV_POP, 5.1.5
STDDEV_SAMP, 5.1.5
SUBSTR, 5.1.5
SUBSTR2, 5.1.5
SUBSTR4, 5.1.5
SUBSTRB, 5.1.5
SUBSTRC, 5.1.5
SUM, 5.1.5
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH, 5.1.5
SYS_CONTEXT, 5.1.5
SYS_DBURIGEN, 5.1.5
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC, 5.1.5
SYS_GUID, 5.1.5
SYS_TYPEID, 5.1.5
SYS_XMLAGG, 5.1.5
SYS_XMLGEN, 5.1.5
SYSDATE, 5.1.5
SYSTIMESTAMP, 5.1.5
TAN, 5.1.5
TANH, 5.1.5
TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN, 5.1.5
TO_BINARY_DOUBLE, 5.1.5
TO_BINARY_FLOAT, 5.1.5
TO_CHAR (character), 5.1.5
TO_CHAR (datetime), 5.1.5
TO_CHAR (number), 5.1.5
TO_CLOB, 5.1.5
TO_DATE, 5.1.5
TO_DSINTERVAL, 5.1.5
TO_LOB, 5.1.5
TO_MULTI_BYTE, 5.1.5
TO_NCHAR (character), 5.1.5
TO_NCHAR (datetime), 5.1.5
TO_NCHAR (number), 5.1.5
TO_NCLOB, 5.1.5
TO_NUMBER, 5.1.5
TO_SINGLE_BYTE, 5.1.5
TO_TIMESTAMP, 5.1.5
TO_YMINTERVAL, 5.1.5
TRANSLATE, 5.1.5
TRANSLATE...USING, 5.1.5
TREAT, 5.1.5
TRIM, 5.1.5
TRUNC (date), 5.1.5
TRUNC (number), 5.1.5
t-test, 5.1.5
TZ_OFFSET, 5.1.5
UID, 5.1.5
UNISTR, 5.1.5
UPDATEXML, 5.1.5
UPPER, 5.1.5
USER, 5.1.5
USERENV, 5.1.5
VALUE, 5.1.5
VAR_POP, 5.1.5
VAR_SAMP, 5.1.5
VARIANCE, 5.1.5
VSIZE, 5.1.5
WIDTH_BUCKET, 5.1.5
XML functions, 5.1.1.12
XMLAGG, 5.1.5
XMLCDATA, 5.1.5
XMLCONCAT, 5.1.5
XMLPARSE, 5.1.5
XMLPI, 5.1.5
XMLQUERY, 5.1.5
XMLROOT, 5.1.5
XMLSERIALIZE, 5.1.5
XMLTABLE, 5.1.5
SQL statements
auditing
by access, 13
by proxy, 13
by session, 13
by user, 13
stopping, 18
successful, 13
DDL, 10.1.1
determining the execution plan for, 18
DML, 10.1.2
organization of, 10.2
rolling back, 18
session control, 10.1.4
space allocation, resumable, 11
suspending and completing, 11
system control, 10.1.5
tracking the occurrence in a session, 13
transaction control, 10.1.3
type of, 10.1
undoing, 18
SQL*Loader inserts, logging, 10.2
SQL:99 standards, 1.2
SQL_TRACE initialization parameter, 11
SQL92_SECURITY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SQLData Java storage format, 17
SQL/DS datatypes, 2.1.2
restrictions on, 2.1.2
SQLJ object types
creating, 17
mapping a Java class to, 17
SQLTUNE_CATEGORY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
SQRT function, 5.1.5
standalone procedures
dropping, 17
standard SQL, B
Oracle extensions to, B.10
standby database
recovering, 10.2
standby databases
activating, 10.2
and Data Guard, 10.2
committing to primary status, 10.2
controlling use, 10.2
converting to physical standby, 10.2
designing media recovery, 10.2
mounting, 10.2
recovering, 10.2, 10.2
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
STAR_TRANSFORMATION hint, 2.6.4.58
STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED initialization parameter, 2.6.4.58
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
START WITH clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 11
of queries and subqueries, 19
of SELECT and subqueries, 19
START WITH parameter
of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15
STARTUP event
triggers on, 16
startup_clauses
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
STATIC clause
of ALTER TYPE, 13
of CREATE TYPE, 17
statistics
collection during index rebuild, 10.2
computing exactly, 13
deleting from the data dictionary, 13
estimating, 13
forcing disassociation, 17
on index usage, 10.2
on indexes, 14
on scalar object attributes
collecting, 13
on schema objects
collecting, 13
deleting, 13
user-defined
dropping, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18
statistics types
associating
with columns, 13
with datatypes, 13
with functions, 13
with packages, 13
associating with datatypes, 13
associating with domain indexes, 13, 13
associating with functions, 13
associating with indextypes, 13, 13
associating with packages, 13
disassociating
from columns, 17
from domain indexes, 17
from functions, 17
from indextypes, 17
from packages, 17
from types, 17
STATISTICS_LEVEL initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST function, 5.1.5
STATS_CROSSTAB function, 5.1.5
STATS_F_TEST function, 5.1.5
STATS_KS_TEST function, 5.1.5
STATS_MODE function, 5.1.5
STATS_MW_TEST function, 5.1.5
STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA function, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_INDEP function, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU function, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_ONE function, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED function, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
STATS_WSR_TEST function, 5.1.5
STDDEV function, 5.1.5
STDDEV_POP function, 5.1.5
STDDEV_SAMP function, 5.1.5
STOP LOGICAL STANDBY clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
STORAGE clause
of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See CREATE TABLE
of CREATE TABLE, 8, 16
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
storage parameters
default, changing, 12
resetting, 19
STORE IN clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 16
stored functions, 14
STREAMS_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
string literals. See text literals.
strings
converting to ASCII values, 5.1.5
converting to unicode, 5.1.5
Structured Query Language (SQL)
description, 1.2.1
functions, 5.1
keywords, A.1.1
Oracle Tools support of, 1.5
parameters, A.1.1
standards, 1.2, B
statements
determining the cost of, 18
syntax, 10.2, A.1
SUBMULTISET condition, 7.6.4
SUBPARTITION BY HASH clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
SUBPARTITION BY LIST clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
SUBPARTITION clause
of ANALYZE, 13
of DELETE, 17
of INSERT, 18
of LOCK TABLE, 18
of UPDATE, 19
subpartition template
creating, 12
replacing, 12
subpartition-extended table names
in DML statements, 2.9.4
restrictions on, 2.9.4
syntax, 2.9.4
subpartitions
adding, 12
adding rows to, 18
allocating extents for, 12, 12
coalescing, 12, 12
converting into nonpartitioned tables, 12
creating, 16
creating a template for, 12, 16
deallocating unused space from, 12, 12
exchanging with tables, 12
hash, 16
inserting rows into, 18
list, 16
list, adding, 12
locking, 18
logging insert operations, 12
moving to a different segment, 12
physical attributes
changing, 12
removing rows from, 12, 17
renaming, 12
revising values in, 19
specifying, 16
template, creating, 16
template, dropping, 12
template, replacing, 12
subqueries, 9.1, 9.7, 19, 19
assigning names to, 19
containing subqueries, 9.7
correlated, 9.7
defined, 9.1
extended subquery unnesting, 9.8
factoring of, 19
inline views, 9.7
nested, 9.7
of past data, 19
scalar, 6.10
used as expressions, 6.10
to insert table data, 16
unnesting, 9.8
using in place of expressions, 6.10
SUBSTR function, 5.1.5
SUBSTR2 function, 5.1.5
SUBSTR4 function, 5.1.5
SUBSTRB function, 5.1.5
SUBSTRC function, 5.1.5
subtotal values
deriving, 19
subtypes, 13
dropping safely, 18
SUM function, 5.1.5
supertypes, 13
supplemental logging
identification key (full), 10.2
minimal, 10.2
SUSPEND clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
sustained standby recovery mode, 10.2
SWITCH LOGFILE clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
synonyms
changing the definition of, 18
creating, 16
granting
system privileges for, 18
local, 16
private, dropping, 18
public, 16
dropping, 18
remote, 16
removing from the database, 18
renaming, 18, 18
synonyms for, 16
syntax diagrams, A.1
loops, A.1.3
multipart diagrams, A.1.4
SYS schema
database triggers stored in, 16
functions stored in, 16
SYS user
assigning password for, 14
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function, 5.1.5
SYS_CONTEXT function, 5.1.5
SYS_DBURIGEN function, 5.1.5
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC function, 5.1.5
SYS_GUID function, 5.1.5
SYS_NC_ROWINFO$ column, 16, 17
SYS_TYPEID function, 5.1.5
SYS_XMLAGG function, 5.1.5
SYS_XMLGEN function, 5.1.5
SYSAUX clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
SYSAUX tablespace
creating, 14, 16
SYSDATE function, 5.1.5
SYSDBA system privilege, 18
SYSOPER system privilege, 18
system change numbers
obtaining, 3.7
system control statements, 10.1.5
PL/SQL support of, 10.1.5
system events
attributes of, 16
triggers on, 16
system global area
flushing, 11, 11
updating, 11
system privileges
ADMINISTER ANY SQL TUNING SET, 18
ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER, 18
ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET, 18
ADVISOR, 18
ALTER ANY CLUSTER, 18
ALTER ANY DIMENSION, 18
ALTER ANY INDEX, 18
ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE, 18
ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW, 18
ALTER ANY OPERATOR, 18
ALTER ANY OUTLINE, 18
ALTER ANY PROCEDURE, 18
ALTER ANY ROLE, 18
ALTER ANY SEQUENCE, 18
ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE, 18
ALTER ANY TABLE, 18
ALTER ANY TRIGGER, 18
ALTER ANY TYPE, 18
ALTER DATABASE, 18
ALTER PROFILE, 18
ALTER RESOURCE COST, 18
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 18
ALTER SESSION, 18
ALTER SYSTEM, 18
ALTER TABLESPACE, 18
ALTER USER, 18
ANALYZE ANY, 18
AUDIT ANY, 18
AUDIT SYSTEM, 18
BACKUP ANY TABLE, 18
CHANGE NOTIFICATION, 18
COMMENT ANY TABLE, 18
CREATE ANY CLUSTER, 18
CREATE ANY CONTEXT, 18
CREATE ANY DIMENSION, 18
CREATE ANY DIRECTORY, 18
CREATE ANY INDEX, 18
CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE, 18
CREATE ANY JOB, 18
CREATE ANY LIBRARY, 18
CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW, 18
CREATE ANY OPERATOR, 18
CREATE ANY OUTLINE, 18
CREATE ANY PROCEDURE, 18
CREATE ANY SEQUENCE, 18
CREATE ANY SQL PROFILE, 18, 18
CREATE ANY SYNONYM, 18
CREATE ANY TABLE, 18
CREATE ANY TRIGGER, 18
CREATE ANY TYPE, 18
CREATE ANY VIEW, 18
CREATE CLUSTER, 18
CREATE DATABASE LINK, 18
CREATE DIMENSION, 18
CREATE EXTERNAL JOB, 18
CREATE INDEXTYPE, 18
CREATE JOB, 18
CREATE LIBRARY, 18
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 18
CREATE OPERATOR, 18
CREATE PROCEDURE, 18
CREATE PROFILE, 18
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK, 18
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM, 18
CREATE ROLE, 18
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 18
CREATE SEQUENCE, 18
CREATE SESSION, 18
CREATE SYNONYM, 18
CREATE TABLE, 18
CREATE TABLESPACE, 18
CREATE TRIGGER, 18
CREATE TYPE, 18
CREATE USER, 18
CREATE VIEW, 18
DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE, 18
DELETE ANY TABLE, 18
DROP ANY CLUSTER, 18
DROP ANY CONTEXT, 18
DROP ANY DIMENSION, 18
DROP ANY DIRECTORY, 18
DROP ANY INDEX, 18
DROP ANY INDEXTYPE, 18
DROP ANY LIBRARY, 18
DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW, 18
DROP ANY OPERATOR, 18
DROP ANY OUTLINE, 18
DROP ANY PROCEDURE, 18
DROP ANY ROLE, 18
DROP ANY SEQUENCE, 18
DROP ANY SYNONYM, 18
DROP ANY TABLE, 18
DROP ANY TRIGGER, 18
DROP ANY TYPE, 18
DROP ANY VIEW, 18
DROP PROFILE, 18
DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK, 18
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM, 18
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 18
DROP TABLESPACE, 18
DROP USER, 18
EXECUTE ANY CLASS, 18
EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE, 18
EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR, 18
EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE, 18
EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM, 18
EXECUTE ANY TYPE, 18
EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY, 18
FLASHBACK ANY TABLE, 18, 18, 18
for job scheduler tasks, 18
for the Advisor framework, 18
FORCE ANY TRANSACTION, 18
FORCE TRANSACTION, 18
GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE, 18
GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE, 18
GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE, 18
GRANT ANY ROLE, 18
granting, 15, 18
to a role, 18
to a user, 18
to PUBLIC, 18
INSERT ANY TABLE, 18
list of, 18
LOCK ANY TABLE, 18
MANAGE SCHEDULER, 18
MANAGE TABLESPACE, 18
MERGE ANY VIEW, 18
ON COMMIT REFRESH, 18
QUERY REWRITE, 18
RESTRICTED SESSION, 18, 18
RESUMABLE, 18
revoking, 18
from a role, 18
from a user, 18
from PUBLIC, 18
SELECT ANY DICTIONARY, 18
SELECT ANY SEQUENCE, 18
SELECT ANY TABLE, 18
SYSDBA, 18
SYSOPER, 18
UNDER ANY TYPE, 18
UNDER ANY VIEW, 18
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE, 18
UPDATE ANY TABLE, 18
SYSTEM tablespace
locally managed, 14
SYSTEM user
assigning password for, 14
SYSTIMESTAMP function, 5.1.5

T

TABLE clause
of ANALYZE, 13
of INSERT, 18
of SELECT, 19, 19
of TRUNCATE, 19
of UPDATE, 19, 19
table compression, 11, 12, 15, 16
table functions
creating, 14
table locks
disabling, 12
duration of, 18
enabling, 12
EXCLUSIVE, 18, 18
modes of, 18
on partitions, 18
on remote database, 18
on subpartitions, 18
ROW EXCLUSIVE, 18, 18
ROW SHARE, 18, 18
SHARE, 18
SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE, 18
SHARE UPDATE, 18
and queries, 18
table partitions
compression of, 12, 16
table REF constraints, 8
of CREATE TABLE, 16
tables
adding rows to, 18
aliases, 2.9.5
in CREATE INDEX, 14
in DELETE, 17
allocating extents for, 12
assigning to a cluster, 16
changing degree of parallelism on, 12
changing existing values in, 19
collecting statistics on, 13
comments on, 13
compression of, 12, 16
creating, 16
multiple, 15
creating comments about, 13
data stored outside database, 16
deallocating unused space from, 12
default physical attributes
changing, 12
degree of parallelism
specifying, 16
disassociating statistics types from, 18
dropping
along with cluster, 17
along with owner, 18
indexes of, 18
partitions of, 18
external, 16
creating, 16
restrictions on, 16
externally organized, 16
flashing back to an earlier version, 18
granting
system privileges for, 18
heap organized, 16
index-organized, 16
overflow segment for, 16
space in index block, 16
inserting rows with a subquery, 16
inserting using the direct-path method, 18
joining in a query, 19
LOB storage of, 8
locking, 18
logging
insert operations, 12
table creation, 16
migrated and chained rows in, 13
moving, 12
moving to a new segment, 12
moving, index-organized, 12
nested
creating, 17
storage characteristics, 16
object
creating, 16
querying, 16
of XMLType, creating, 16
organization, defining, 16
parallel creation of, 16
parallelism
setting default degree, 16
partition attributes of, 12
partitioning, 2.9.4, 16, 16
allowing rows to move between partitions, 12
default attributes of, 12
physical attributes
changing, 12
purging from the recycle bin, 18
relational
creating, 16
remote, accessing, 14
removing from the database, 18
removing rows from, 17
renaming, 12, 18
restricting
records in a block, 12
retrieving data from, 19
saving blocks in a cache, 16
SQL examples, 16
storage attributes
defining, 16
storage characteristics
defining, 8
storage properties, 16
storage properties of, 16
subpartition attributes of, 12
synonyms for, 16
tablespace for
defining, 16, 16
temporary
duration of data, 16
session-specific, 16
transaction specific, 16
unclustering, 17
updating through views, 17
validating structure, 13
with unusable indexes, 11
XMLType, querying, 16
TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2
of CREATE CLUSTER, 14
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16
tablespaces, 12
allocating space for users, 17
allowing write operations on, 12
automatic segment-space management, 16
backing up datafiles, 12
bigfile, 16
database default, 14
default temporary, 14
resizing, 12
undo, 14
bringing online, 12, 16
coalescing free extents, 12
converting
from permanent to temporary, 12
from temporary to permanent, 12
creating, 16
datafiles
adding, 12
renaming, 12
default, 10.2
specifying for a user, 13
default permanent, 14
default temporary, 10.2
learning name of, 10.2
designing media recovery, 10.2
dropping contents, 18
ending online backup, 12
extent size, 16
granting system privileges for, 18
in FLASHBACK mode, 12, 16
in FORCE LOGGING mode, 12, 16
locally managed, 8
altering, 12
logging attribute, 12, 16
managing extents of, 16
read only, 12
reconstructing lost or damaged, 10.2, 10.2
recovering, 10.2, 10.2
removing from the database, 18
renaming, 12
size of free extents in, 12
smallfile, 16
database default, 14
default temporary, 14
undo, 14
specifying
datafiles for, 16
for a table, 16
for a user, 17
for index rebuild, 12
taking offline, 12, 16
tempfiles
adding, 12
temporary
specifying for a user, 13, 17
temporary, creating, 16
temporary, defining for the database, 14
undo
altering, 12
creating, 14, 16
dropping, 18
TAN function, 5.1.5
TANH function, 5.1.5
TAPE_ASYNCH_IO initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
TEMPFILE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2
tempfiles
bringing online, 10.2
defining for a tablespace, 16, 16, 16
defining for the database, 14
disabling autoextend, 10.2
dropping, 10.2, 12
enabling autoextend, 8, 10.2
extending automatically, 8
renaming, 10.2
resizing, 10.2
reusing, 8
size of, 8
specifying, 8, 8
taking offline, 10.2
TEMPORARY clause
of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
temporary tables
creating, 16, 16
session-specific, 16
transaction-specific, 16
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE clause
of ALTER USER, 13
of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER
of CREATE USER, 17
temporary tablespace groups
reassigning for a user, 13
specifying for a user, 17
temporary tablespaces
creating, 16
default, 10.2
specifying extent management during database creation, 14
specifying for a user, 13, 17
TEST clause
of ALTER DATABASE ... RECOVER, 10.2
testing for a set, 7.6.1
text
date and number formats, 2.4
literals
in SQL syntax, 2.3.1
properties of CHAR and VARCHAR2 datatypes, 2.3.1
syntax of, 2.3.1
text literals
conversion to database character set, 2.3.1
TH datetime format element suffix, 2.4.2.5
THREAD initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
throughput
optimizing, 2.6.4.1
THSP datetime format element suffix, 2.4.2.5
TIME datatype
DB2, 2.1.2, 2.1.2
SQL/DS, 2.1.2, 2.1.2
time format models
short, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2
time zone
determining for session, 5.1.5
formatting, 2.4.2.1.2
setting for the database, 14
time zones
converting data to particular, 6.6
TIME_ZONE session parameter, 11
TIMED_OS_STATISTICS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
TIMED_STATISTICS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
timestamp
converting to local time zone, 6.6
TIMESTAMP datatype, 2.1.1.10
DB2, 2.1.2, 2.1.2
SQL/DS, 2.1.2, 2.1.2
TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 2.1.1.12
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 2.1.1.11
TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN function, 5.1.5
TO SAVEPOINT clause
of ROLLBACK, 18
TO_BINARY_DOUBLE function, 5.1.5
TO_BINARY_FLOAT function, 5.1.5
TO_CHAR
datetime conversion function, 5.1.5
number conversion function, 5.1.5
TO_CHAR (character) function, 5.1.5
TO_CHAR function, 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.4.3
TO_CLOB function, 5.1.5
TO_DATE function, 2.4.2, 2.4.2.4, 2.4.3, 5.1.5
TO_DSINTERVAL function, 5.1.5
TO_LOB function, 5.1.5
TO_MULTI_BYTE function, 5.1.5
TO_NCHAR (character) function, 5.1.5
TO_NCHAR (datetime) function, 5.1.5
TO_NCHAR (number) function, 5.1.5
TO_NCLOB function, 5.1.5
TO_NUMBER function, 2.4.1, 5.1.5
TO_SINGLE_BYTE function, 5.1.5
TO_TIMESTAMP function, 5.1.5
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ function
SQL functions
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ, 5.1.5
TO_YMINTERVAL function, 5.1.5
top-N reporting, 3.9, 5.1.5, 5.1.5, 5.1.5
TRACE_ENABLED initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
transaction control statements, 10.1.3
PL/SQL support of, 10.1.3
transactions
allowing to complete, 11
assigning
rollback segment to, 19
automatically committing, 13
changes, making permanent, 13
commenting on, 13
distributed, forcing, 11
ending, 13
implicit commit of, 10.1.1, 10.1.2, 10.1.4, 10.1.5
in-doubt
committing, 13
forcing, 13
resolving, 19
isolation level, 19
locks, releasing, 13
naming, 19
read-only, 19
read/write, 19
rolling back, 11, 18
to a savepoint, 18
savepoints for, 19
TRANSACTIONS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
TRANSLATE ... USING function, 5.1.5
TRANSLATE function, 5.1.5
transparent data encryption, 16
master key, 11
TREAT function, 5.1.5
triggers
AFTER, 16
BEFORE, 16
compiling, 13, 13
creating, 16
multiple, 16
database
altering, 13
dropping, 18, 18
disabling, 12, 13
enabling, 12, 13, 13, 16
executing
with a PL/SQL block, 16
with an external procedure, 16
granting
system privileges for, 18
INSTEAD OF, 16
dropping, 17
on database events, 16
on DDL events, 16
on DML operations, 16, 16
on views, 16
order of firing, 16
re-creating, 16
removing from the database, 18
renaming, 13
restrictions on, 16
row values
old and new, 16
row, specifying, 16
SQL examples, 16
statement, 16
TRIM function, 5.1.5
TRUNC function
date function, 5.1.5
format models, 5.1.5
number function, 5.1.5
TRUNCATE PARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
TRUNCATE statement, 19
TRUNCATE SUBPARTITION clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
TRUST attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17
type constructor expressions, 6.12
type methods
return type of, 17
types. See object types or datatypes
TZ_OFFSET function, 5.1.5

U

UID function, 5.1.5
unary operators, 4.1.1
UNDER ANY TYPE system privilege, 18
UNDER ANY VIEW system privilege, 18
UNDER clause
of CREATE VIEW, 17
UNDER object privilege, 18
on a type, 18
on a view, 18
UNDER_PATH condition, 7.10.2
undo
rollback, 11, 14
system managed, 11, 14
UNDO tablespace clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
undo tablespaces
creating, 14, 16
dropping, 18
modifying, 12
preserving unexpired data, 12, 16
UNDO_MANAGEMENT initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
UNDO_RETENTION initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11, 18
UNDO_TABLESPACE initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
UNIFORM clause
of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16
UNION ALL set operator, 4.5, 19
UNION set operator, 4.5, 19
UNIQUE clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of CREATE TABLE, 16
of SELECT, 19
unique constraints
conditional, 14
enabling, 16
index on, 16
unique elements of, 5.1.5
unique indexes, 14
unique queries, 19
UNISTR function, 5.1.5
universal rowids. See urowids
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege, 18
UNNEST hint, 2.6.4.59
unnesting collections, 19
examples, 19
unnesting subqueries, 9.8
UNQUIESCE clause
of ALTER SYSTEM, 11
UNRECOVERABLE, 10.2, 16
See also NOLOGGING clause
unsorted indexes, 14
UNUSABLE clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2
UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
UPDATE ANY TABLE system privilege, 18
UPDATE BLOCK REFERENCES clause
of ALTER INDEX, 10.2, 10.2
UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
UPDATE object privilege, 18
on a table, 18
on a view, 18
update operations
collecting supplemental log data for, 10.2
UPDATE SET clause
of MERGE, 18
UPDATE statement, 19
triggers on, 16
updates
and simultaneous insert, 18
using MERGE, 18, 18
UPDATEXML function, 5.1.5
UPGRADE clause
of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2
of ALTER TABLE, 12
UPPER function, 5.1.5
URLs
generating, 5.1.5
UROWID datatype, 2.1.1.26
urowids
and foreign tables, 2.1.1.26
and index-organized tables, 2.1.1.26
description of, 2.1.1.26
USE_CONCAT hint, 2.6.4.60
USE_HASH hint, 2.6.4.61
USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
USE_MERGE hint, 2.6.4.62
USE_NL hint, 2.6.4.63
USE_NL_WITH_INDEX hint, 2.6.4.64
USE_PRIVATE_OUTLINES session parameter, 11
USE_STORED_OUTLINES session parameter, 11, 11
USER function, 5.1.5
USER SYS clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
USER SYSTEM clause
of CREATE DATABASE, 14
USER_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
USER_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
USER_INDEXTYPE_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
USER_MVIEW_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
USER_OPERATOR_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
USER_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13
user-defined aggregate functions, 14
user-defined functions, 5.1.5
name precedence of, 5.1.5
naming conventions, 5.1.5
restrictions on, 14
user-defined operators, 4.7
user-defined statistics
dropping, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18
user-defined types, 2.1.3
defining, 17
mapping to Java classes, 17
USERENV function, 5.1.5
users
allocating space for, 17
and database links, 14
assigning
default roles, 13
profiles, 17
authenticating, 13
authenticating to a remote server, 14
changing authentication, 13
creating, 17
default tablespaces, 17
default tablespaces for, 13
denying access to tables and views, 18
external, 15, 17
global, 15, 17
granting
system privileges for, 18
local, 15, 17
locking accounts, 17
password expiration of, 17
removing from the database, 18
SQL examples, 17
temporary tablespaces for, 13, 17
USING BFILE clause
of CREATE JAVA, 14, 14
USING BLOB clause
of CREATE JAVA, 14
USING clause
of ALTER INDEXTYPE, 10.2
of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13
of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14
of CREATE INDEXTYPE, 14
USING CLOB clause
of CREATE JAVA, 14
USING INDEX clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of ALTER TABLE, 12
of constraints, 8
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16
USING NO INDEX clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
USING ROLLBACK SEGMENT clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
UTC
extracting from a datetime value, 5.1.5
UTC offset
replacing with time zone region, 2.3.3
UTL_FILE_DIR initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
UTLCHN.SQL script, 13
UTLEXPT1.SQL script, 12
UTLXPLAN.SQL script, 18

V

VALIDATE clause
of DROP TYPE, 18
VALIDATE REF UPDATE clause
of ANALYZE, 13
VALIDATE STRUCTURE clause
of ANALYZE, 13
validation
of clusters, 13
of database objects
offline, 13
of database objects, online, 13
of indexes, 13
of tables, 13
VALUE function, 5.1.5
VALUES clause
of CREATE INDEX, 14
of INSERT, 18
VALUES LESS THAN clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
VAR_POP function, 5.1.5
VAR_SAMP function, 5.1.5
VARCHAR datatype, 2.1.1.5
VARCHAR2 datatype, 2.1.1.4
converting to NUMBER, 2.4.1
VARGRAPHIC datatype
DB2, 2.1.2, 2.1.2
SQL/DS, 2.1.2, 2.1.2
variable expressions, 6.13
VARIANCE function, 5.1.5
VARRAY
LOB restriction, 2.1.1.18
VARRAY clause
of ALTER TABLE, 12
VARRAY column properties
of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15
of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16
varrays, 2.1.3.3
changing returned value, 12
compared with nested tables, 2.2.5
comparison rules, 2.2.5
creating, 17, 17, 17
dropping the body of, 18
dropping the specification of, 18
increasing size of, 13
modifying column properties, 12
storage characteristics, 12, 12, 16
storing out of line, 2.1.3.3
varying arrays. See varrays
view constraints, 8, 17
and materialized views, 8
dropping, 18
modifying, 13
views
base tables
adding rows, 18
changing
definition, 18
values in base tables, 19
creating
before base tables, 17
comments about, 13
multiple, 15
creating object subviews, 17
defining, 17
dropping constraints on, 13
granting
system privileges for, 18
modifying constraints on, 13
object, creating, 17
recompiling, 13
re-creating, 17
remote, accessing, 14
removing
from the database, 18
rows from the base table of, 17
renaming, 18
retrieving data from, 19
subquery of, 17
restricting, 17
synonyms for, 16
updatable, 17
with joins
and key-preserved tables, 17
with joins, making updatable, 17
XMLType, 17
XMLType, creating, 17
XMLType, querying, 17
VSIZE function, 5.1.5

W

WHEN clause
of CREATE TRIGGER, 16
WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL clause
of NOAUDIT, 18
WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL clause
of AUDIT sql_statements, 13
of NOAUDIT, 18
WHERE clause
of DELETE, 17
of queries and subqueries, 19
of SELECT, 9.3
of UPDATE, 19
WIDTH_BUCKET function, 5.1.5
WITH ADMIN OPTION clause
of GRANT, 18
WITH CHECK OPTION clause
of CREATE VIEW, 17, 17
of DELETE, 17
of INSERT, 18
of SELECT, 19
of UPDATE, 19
WITH GRANT OPTION clause
of GRANT, 18
WITH HIERARCHY OPTION
of GRANT, 18
WITH INDEX CONTEXT clause
of CREATE OPERATOR, 15
WITH OBJECT ID clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
WITH OBJECT IDENTIFIER clause
of CREATE VIEW, 17
WITH OBJECT OID. See WITH OBJECT IDENTIFIER.
WITH PRIMARY KEY clause
of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 15
WITH query_name clause
of SELECT, 19
WITH READ ONLY clause
of CREATE VIEW, 17, 17
of DELETE, 17
of INSERT, 18
of SELECT, 19
of UPDATE, 19
WITH ROWID clause
of column ref constraints, 8
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 15
WITH SEQUENCE clause
of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15
WNDS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17
WNPS attribute
of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17
WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY initialization parameter
setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11
WRITE clause
of COMMIT, 13
WRITE object privilege
on a directory, 18

X

XML
examples, E.2
XML conditions, 7.10
XML data
storage of, 16
XML database repository
SQL access to, 7.10.1, 7.10.2
XML documents
producing from XML fragments, 5.1.5
retrieving from the database, 5.1.5
XML format models, 2.4.5
XML fragments, 5.1.5
XML functions, 5.1.1.12
XMLAGG function, 5.1.5
XMLCDATA function, 5.1.5
XMLCOMMENT function, 5.1.5
XMLCONCAT function, 5.1.5
XMLDATA pseudocolumn, 3.10
XMLGenFormatType object, 2.4.5
XMLPARSE function, 5.1.5
XMLPI function, 5.1.5
XMLQUERY function, 5.1.5
XMLROOT function, 5.1.5
XMLSERIALIZE function, 5.1.5
XMLTABLE function, 5.1.5
XMLType columns
properties of, 12, 16
storage of, 16, 16
XMLType storage clause
of CREATE TABLE, 16
XMLType tables
creating, 16, 16
creating index on, 14
XMLType views, 17
querying, 17

Z

CREATE PACKAGE BODY statement, 15, 18