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Index: N

(see also DNS)

addresses : (see addresses)

name server lookups : sendmail, 33.4.3. $[ and $]: A Special Case

process : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.4. BIND, resolver, and named

security and : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.3.2. Security and Nameservice

troubleshooting

TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3. Testing Basic Connectivity
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.6. Checking Name Service

Name Service Switch file (nsswitch.conf) : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.3.1. The nsswitch.conf file

name-value pairs in BNU UUCP : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.5.1.2. Name-value pairs

named daemon

Building Internet Firewalls, 8.10.5.2. Set up a real DNS
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.6.1. DNS under UNIX
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.6.2. DNS nameserver attacks
TCP/IP Network Administration, 5.4. The Internet Daemon
TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.1. BIND: UNIX Name Service
booting : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.3. The Cache Initialization File
command : TCP/IP Network Administration, C.1. The named Command
configuring : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3. Configuring named
process : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.4. BIND, resolver, and named
starting at startup : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.6.1. Starting named
tools reference : TCP/IP Network Administration, C. A named Reference

NAMED_BIND macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

named.boot file

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.6.1. DNS zone transfers

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.6.2. DNS nameserver attacks

TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.1. The named.boot File

TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.6.3. Cache corruption

TCP/IP Network Administration, C.1. The named Command

configuration commands

TCP/IP Network Administration, C.2. named.boot Configuration Commands
TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.1. The named.boot File

named.ca file : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.6.3. Cache corruption

named.hosts file : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.6. The named.hosts File

named.local file : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.4. The named.local File

named.pid file : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.6.3. Cache corruption

named.rev file : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.5. The Reverse Domain File

named-xfer program : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.6.1. DNS under UNIX

names : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.1. Names and Addresses

alternative for sendmail : sendmail, 36.1. Alternative argv[0] Names

canonical

sendmail, 7.3.1. The hostname
sendmail, 31.10. Alphabetized Reference

canonicalizing : (see canonicalization)

changing from host to hub : sendmail, 11.6. Handling user@thishost

choosing UUCP : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.5.2. Permissions Commands

classes

sendmail, 12.1. The Class Command
sendmail, 32.2.4. Class Name Hashing Algorithm

computer

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.3. Hostnames
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.3.1. The /etc/hosts file

controlling terminal : sendmail, 31.10. Alphabetized Reference

DNS : (see DNS)

domain

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.3. Hostnames
sendmail, 8.1. A Fictional Network
sendmail, 19.6. Alphabetized m4 Macros
sendmail, 31.10. Alphabetized Reference
TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.3. Domain Names
TCP/IP Network Administration, 4. Getting Started

application form : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.4.1. Obtaining a Domain Name

full sender : (see $x macro)

fully qualified

sendmail, 4.2. Verbose (-v)
sendmail, 7.3.1. The hostname
sendmail, 8.1. A Fictional Network
sendmail, 21.1. Overview
TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.3. Domain Names
(see also $j macro)

headers : sendmail, 35.2. Header Names

hostnames : (see hostnames)

hub, internal : sendmail, 11.4.2. A Word About ${HUB}

local canonical

sendmail, 21.2.1. Determine the Local Canonical Name
sendmail, 31.10. Alphabetized Reference

macros

sendmail, 5.3.2. Macros
sendmail, 7.2. Defining Macros
sendmail, 20.3. Alphabetized V8.8 Subroutines
sendmail, 31.4. Macro Names

in NIS : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.3. Network Information Service

obtaining : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.4.1. Obtaining a Domain Name

options : sendmail, 13.1. Options: An Overview

parameter : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.4. A BOOTP Server

RealHostName variable : sendmail, 20.1.2. Global Variables

rule set : sendmail, 29.1.2. Rule-Set Names

symbol, delivery agent : sendmail, 30.2. The Symbolic Name

trailing dot for

sendmail, 15.3. MX Records
sendmail, 17.4. Rule Set 4
sendmail, 29.5.1. Stripping Trailing Dots

unqualified

sendmail, 19.6. Alphabetized m4 Macros
sendmail, 31.10. Alphabetized Reference

user : (see usernames)

nameser.h file : sendmail, B.1. Status file lines

nameserver attacks, DNS : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.6.2. DNS nameserver attacks

nameserver cache loading : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.3.2. Security and Nameservice

nameserver entry, in resolv.conf : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.2.1. The Resolver Configuration File

NAPs (Network Access Points)

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet
TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.4. Internet Routing Architecture
TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.5.2. Border Gateway Protocol
AMES Research Center

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Agency) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.3.4.23. NASA

National Center for Supercomputer Applications (NCSA)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.2.1. National Computer Security Center

TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.1. The World Wide Web

NCSA HTTPD server

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 10.3.5. access_log Log File
(see also web servers)

NCSA Mosaic : Building Internet Firewalls, 2.5. The World Wide Web

National Computer Security Center (NCSC) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.2.1. National Computer Security Center

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.3.4.26. National Institute of Standards and Technology
TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.1.2.2. Use mailing lists to distribute information
TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.1. The World Wide Web
NIST CSRC (Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse) : Building Internet Firewalls, A.5.3. NIST CSRC

National Science Foundation (NSF)

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet

TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.5.2. Border Gateway Protocol

NSFNET

TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.4. Internet Routing Architecture
TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.4. Interior Routing Protocols

national security : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 26.2.2. Federal Jurisdiction

natural disasters

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 1.1. What Is Computer Security?

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 7.1.1.1. A taxonomy of computer failures

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 7.1.6.1. Physical security for backups

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.1.1. Fire

(see also physical security)

accidents : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.2. Preventing Accidents

earthquakes : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.1.4. Earthquake

fires

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.1.1. Fire
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.1.2. Smoke

lightning

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2. Protecting Computer Hardware
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.1.9. Lightning

natural gas : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.1.5. Explosion

natural mask : TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.2.2. Classless IP Addresses

NAVCIRT (Naval Computer Incident Response Team) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.3.4.44. U.S. Department of the Navy

NBMA interfaces

TCP/IP Network Administration, B.6. Interface Statements
TCP/IP Network Administration, B.8.1. The ospf Statement

ncheck command

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 5.5.4.1. The ncheck command
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 5.6. Device Files

NCSA (National Center for Supercomputer Applications)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.2.1. National Computer Security Center

TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.1. The World Wide Web

NCSA HTTPD server

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 10.3.5. access_log Log File
(see also web servers)

NCSA Mosaic : Building Internet Firewalls, 2.5. The World Wide Web

NCSC (National Computer Security Center) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.2.1. National Computer Security Center

ndbm database : sendmail, 33.8. Alphabetized Reference

NDBM macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

NEED... macros : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

needexpnhelo (sendmail) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.4.3. Improving the security of Berkeley sendmail V8

needmailhelo (sendmail) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.4.3. Improving the security of Berkeley sendmail V8

needvrfyhelo (sendmail) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.4.3. Improving the security of Berkeley sendmail V8

negative precedence values : sendmail, 14.4. Precedence

neighbors

acquiring : TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.5.1. Exterior Gateway Protocol

allowing

TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.7.1.3. Exterior gateway configuration
TCP/IP Network Administration, B.8.6. The egp Statement

nested

angle brackets

sendmail, 10.4. Nested Angle Brackets
sendmail, 17.1.1.2. Strip to left of <

directories : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 25.2.2.8. Tree-structure attacks

IP over IP : Building Internet Firewalls, 6.3.3.5. IP over IP

macro conditionals : sendmail, 31.6.1. Conditionals May Nest

net domain : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.1. The Domain Hierarchy

NET... macros : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

Net/Dest value

TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.1. Determining the Interface Name
TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.5.5. Point-to-point

netacl program : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.3.2. Using netacl to protect services

netconfig : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.7. netconfig

Netgroup table (NIS+) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.3. NIS+ Tables

netgroups, NIS

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4. NIS Netgroups
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.6. NIS is confused about "+"
limiting imported accounts : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.2. Using netgroups to limit the importing of accounts

NetInfo

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.6.2. Other naming services
sendmail, 33.8. Alphabetized Reference

NETINFO macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

Netmasks table (NIS+) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.3. NIS+ Tables

netnews~firewalls : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 21.4.3. Netnews

.netrc file : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 10.4.3. Network Setup

Netscape Navigator

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.5. The World Wide Web
TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.1. The World Wide Web
encryption system of : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire
random number generator : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 23.8. Picking a Random Seed

netstat command

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.5. Monitoring Your Network with netstat

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 24.2.1. Catching One in the Act

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 24.2.4. Tracing a Connection

-a option : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.5. Monitoring Your Network with netstat

-in command : TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.1. Determining the Interface Name

-n option : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.5. Monitoring Your Network with netstat

-ni command : TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.4.4. Troubleshooting Serial Connections

-nr command

TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.5. The Routing Table
TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.3.1. Adding Static Routes
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.5. Checking Routing

to display routing table : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.7.2. Routing control

troubleshooting with

TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.2. Diagnostic Tools
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3. Testing Basic Connectivity
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4.3. Checking the Interface with netstat

network services

Building Internet Firewalls, 2. Internet Services

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 11.1.2. Back Doors and Trap Doors

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17. TCP/IP Services

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.7. Summary

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 23.3. Tips on Writing Network Programs

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, G. Table of IP Services

administration : (see system administration)

booting : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.4. Which services should you disable?

configuring : Building Internet Firewalls, 8. Configuring Internet Services

contacting providers about incidents : Building Internet Firewalls, 13.1.4.3. Vendors and service providers

default deny stance : Building Internet Firewalls, 3.5.1. Default Deny Stance: That Which Is Not

default permit stance : Building Internet Firewalls, 3.5.2. Default Permit Stance: That Which Is

direct access to : Building Internet Firewalls, 7.1.1.1. Proxy services allow users to access Internet services

disabling those not required : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2. Disabling Nonrequired Services

DNS : (see DNS)

encryption with : (see encryption)

filtering by : Building Internet Firewalls, 6.7. Filtering by Service

finger : (see finger service)

FTP : (see FTP)

inbound : (see inbound, services)

information lookup services : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.8. Information Lookup Services

installing and modifying : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.3. Installing and Modifying Services

LAN-oriented : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.6. Selecting Services Provided by the

NFS (Network File System) : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.4. Which services should you disable?

NNTP : (see NNTP)

NTP : (see NTP)

overloading : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 25.3.1. Service Overloading

passwords for : (see passwords)

POP : (see POP)

protecting with TCP Wrapper : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.3.1. Using the TCP Wrapper package to protect services

proxy : (see proxy servers/services)

r commands : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.4. Which services should you disable?

real-time conferencing : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.9. Real-Time Conferencing Services

root account with : (see root account/user)

RPC (Remote Procedure Call) : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.4. Which services should you disable?

securing

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.4. Security Implications of Network Services
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.1. Securing Network Services
(see also security)

selecting for bastion host : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.6. Selecting Services Provided by the

SMTP : (see SMTP)

SNMP : (see SNMP)

spoofing

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 8.5.3.1. Trusted path
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.3. IP Security
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.5. Monitoring Your Network with netstat
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.4. Spoofing RPC
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.5. Spoofing NIS

started by /etc/rc : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.1. How are services managed?

store-and-forward

Building Internet Firewalls, 7.5. Proxying Without a Proxy Server
TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.4.1. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

systat service : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.1. systat (TCP Port 11)

Telnet : (see Telnet service)

TFTP : (see TFTP)

UUCP : (see UUCP)

networks and networking

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16. TCP/IP Networks

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.5. Summary

sendmail, 3.3. Role in Network Transport

10Base-T : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.3.1.2. Eavesdropping by Ethernet and 10Base-T

access

access layer, TCP/IP : Building Internet Firewalls, C.4. Network Access Layer
balancing against computer security : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12. Network Security
troubleshooting : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4. Troubleshooting Network Access

address translation (NAT) : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.2.1. Obtaining an IP Address

avoiding problems

TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4.2.1. ARP problem case study
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.9. Simple Network Management Protocol

decentralized : TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.3. Subnets

defined

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1. Overview of TCP/IP
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11. Troubleshooting TCP/IP

developing feel for : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.4.1. Know Your System

need for information about : TCP/IP Network Administration, Preface

security responsibilites of : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.1.3. Writing a Security Policy

simplifying : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.2.2. Defining the Subnet Mask

allowing threats from : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 11.4. Entry

AppleTalk : sendmail, 3.3.3. Other Protocols

architecture : (see firewalls, architecture of)

ARPANET

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.1.1. The InternetWe recommend that readers
TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet
TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.5.1.1. The datagram
TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.4. Internet Routing Architecture
TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.2. TCP/IP Over a Serial Line

backing up

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 7.2.2. Small Network of Workstations and a Server
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 7.2.4. Large Service-Based Networks with Large Budgets
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 7.4.5. Backups Across the Net

break-ins, increasing : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12. Network Security

building : TCP/IP Network Administration, Foreword from the First Edition

cables for : (see cables)

checking connectivity of : (see ping command)

checklist for

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, A.1.1.15. Chapter 16: TCP/IP Networks
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, A.1.1.16. Chapter 17: TCP/IP Services

computer networks : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 1.4.3. Add-On Functionality Breeds Problems

configuration files : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 10.4.3. Network Setup

connected or not connected to Internet : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.1. Connected and Non-Connected Networks

connections : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.3. TELNET (TCP Port 23)

connectors for : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.4.3. Network connectors

databases, network : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File

DECnet

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.4.3. DECnet
sendmail, 3.3.3. Other Protocols
$C macro : sendmail, 31.10. Alphabetized Reference

denial of service on : (see denial of service)

diameter

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.7. Application Layer
TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.4.1.1. Running RIP with routed

disabling physically : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 25.3.3. Signal Grounding

disconnecting, after incident

Building Internet Firewalls, 13.1.2. Disconnect or Shut Down, as
Building Internet Firewalls, 13.4.3. Planning for Disconnecting or

encryption : Building Internet Firewalls, 10.5. Network-Level Encryption

File System : (see NFS)

forwarding over

sendmail, 29.6.6. Forwarding over the Network
TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.5.1.4. Passing datagrams to the transport layer
loops : sendmail, 25.7.2. Forwarding Loops
Resent- headers : sendmail, 35.7. Forwarding with Resent-Headers

hardware

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.7. Application Layer

(see also physical network)

with built-in diagnostic software : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3.1. The ping Command

problems with

TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3.1. The ping Command
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4.3. Checking the Interface with netstat
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4.4.1. Network hardware problems

heterogeneous : TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1.2. Protocol Standards

insecure : Building Internet Firewalls, 4.4.2. Insecure Networks

interfaces : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.1. Names and Addresses

enabling or disabling : TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.5.1. Enabling and disabling the interface
information need for : TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1. The ifconfig Command

Internet : (see Internet)

joint : Building Internet Firewalls, 4.4.4. Joint Venture Firewalls

lab/test : Building Internet Firewalls, 4.4.1. Laboratory Networks

LANs : (see LANs)

location of bastion host on : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.5. Locating the Bastion Host on the Network

logging

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 10.5.2.2. Logging across the network
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 10.3.6. Logging Network Services
(see also logs/logging)

management services : Building Internet Firewalls, 2.10. Network Management Services

configuring : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.12. Network Management Services

MANs : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.1. Networking

maps drawn by monitors : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.9. Simple Network Management Protocol

mask

TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.4.2. RIP Version 2
TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.5. The Routing Table

mobile computing : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 8.7. One-Time Passwords

monitoring

Building Internet Firewalls, 5.9.2. Consider Writing Software to Automate Monitoring
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.7. Analyzing Protocol Problems
netstat : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.5. Monitoring Your Network with netstat

news : (see Usenet news)

NFSNET

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.1.1. The InternetWe recommend that readers
TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet

numbers

TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.2.1. Address Classes
TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.2.1.1. Assigning host addresses

packet switching

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2. IPv4: The Internet Protocol Version 4
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.3. IP Security
TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.5.1.1. The datagram
TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.7. Application Layer

perimeter

Building Internet Firewalls, 4.1. Some Firewall Definitions
Building Internet Firewalls, 4.2.3.1. Perimeter network

problems, how to approach : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11. Troubleshooting TCP/IP

processes : TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.2. Configuring the Resolver

protecting internally : Building Internet Firewalls, 4.4. Internal Firewalls

providers : (see ISPs)

resources, controlling : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.1.3. Writing a Security Policy

saturated : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4.3. Checking the Interface with netstat

scanning : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.6. Network Scanning

security : (see security)

servers

TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.7.2. Port Numbers
TCP/IP Network Administration, 9. Configuring Network Servers

services : (see network services)

shared media : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4.4. Subdividing an Ethernet

SOCKS for : (see SOCKS package)

spoofing

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 8.5.3.1. Trusted path
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.3. IP Security
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.5. Monitoring Your Network with netstat
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.5. Spoofing NIS
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.4. Spoofing RPC

subdividing : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.4.3. Checking the Interface with netstat

subnetted : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.2.1.1. Assigning host addresses

support : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

taps : Building Internet Firewalls, 1.2.1.3. Information Theft

TCP/IP : (see TCP/IP services)

Time Protocol : (see NTP)

topology of : TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.2.2. Classless IP Addresses

transferring information across : (see packet filtering)

underlying : TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.4. Network Access Layer

UNIX and : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.1.2. Networking and UNIX

unreliable : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3.1. The ping Command

unusual activity on : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.4.1. Know Your System

usage, monitoring : TCP/IP Network Administration, 5.2. Linux Kernel Configuration

UUCP over

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.8. UUCP Over Networks
(see also UUCP)

X.25 : TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.5.1.3. Fragmenting datagrams

WANs : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.1. Networking

weaving : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.1.1.1. Who is on the Internet?

Network Access Layer

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.3. TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.1. Determining the Interface Name
protocols : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.6. Bootstrap Protocol

Network Access Points (NAPs)

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet
TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.4. Internet Routing Architecture
TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.5.2. Border Gateway Protocol

Network Control protocols : TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.2.1. The Serial Protocols

Network File System : (see NFS)

Network Information Center (NIC)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 24.2.4.2. How to contact the system administrator of a computer
TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.2. Creating Domains and Subdomains
handle : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.4.1. Obtaining a Domain Name

Network Information Service : (see NIS)

Network Layer

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.2. A Data Communications Model
TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.1. Determining the Interface Name

Network Management Station (NMS) : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.9. Simple Network Management Protocol

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.4. Usenet News

Building Internet Firewalls, 7.5. Proxying Without a Proxy Server

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.13. Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) (TCP Port

TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.5.1. Newsgroups

(see also Usenet news)

configuring

Building Internet Firewalls, 8.5. Network News Transfer Protocol
Building Internet Firewalls, 9.1.1.4. NNTP
Building Internet Firewalls, 9.2.1.4. NNTP

Network Terminal Protocol (TELNET) : TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.7. Application Layer

Network Time Protocol

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.11. Time Service
Building Internet Firewalls, 7.5. Proxying Without a Proxy Server
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.14. Network Time Protocol (NTP) (UDP Port 123)
configuring : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.13. Network Time Protocol (NTP)
Secure RPC and : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.1.3. Setting the window

network unreachable error message

TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3. Testing Basic Connectivity
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.5. Checking Routing
(see also ICMP)

Network/Destination value

TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.1. Determining the Interface Name
TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.5.5. Point-to-point

networks file

TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.2. The Host Table
TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.3. Assigning a Subnet Mask
TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.3. Building a Static Routing Table
TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.3. Network Information Service
as maps : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.5. Network Information Service

Networks table (NIS+) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.3. NIS+ Tables

Neumann, Peter : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 1.3. History of UNIX

newaliases command

sendmail, 4.1.3. Rebuild Aliases Mode (-bi)
sendmail, 24.5.3. Prevent Simultaneous Rebuilds
sendmail, 36.1.3. newaliases

NEWDB macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

newgrp command : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 4.1.3.2. Groups and older AT&T UNIX

newkey -u command

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.2.1. Creating passwords for users
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.4.2. When a user's passwords don't match

newlines : (see whitespace)

newly registered hosts : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.2. The Host Table

news (Usenet)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.13. Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) (TCP Port
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, E.2. Usenet Groups
TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.5.1. Newsgroups
TCP/IP Network Administration, E.3.5. MAILER
(see also NNTP)
cleanup scripts : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 11.5.3. Abusing Automatic Mechanisms
encryption for : (see ROT13 algorithm)
message subtype : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.4.3. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
mailing list gateways to : sendmail, 25.5.2. Gateway Lists to News

news user : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 4.1. Users and Groups

newsgroups

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.4. Usenet News

TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.5.1. Newsgroups

defamation/harassment via : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 26.4.7. Harassment, Threatening Communication, and Defamation

keeping current : Building Internet Firewalls, 12.3.1.2. Newsgroups

for security information : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.1.2.2. Use mailing lists to distribute information

security resources via : Building Internet Firewalls, A.4. Newsgroups

using

TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.1.1. Network Contacts
TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.5.1. Newsgroups

posting breakins to : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 24.6. Resuming Operation

reporting security holes on : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 2.5.1. Going Public

next hop

Building Internet Firewalls, C.11. The Routing Table

TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.4.3. Open Shortest Path First

specifying : TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.3. Building a Static Routing Table

in RIP-2 : TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.4.2. RIP Version 2

NEXTSTEP Window Server (NSWS) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.16. NEXTSTEP Window Server

nf files : sendmail, 23.2.4. The ID Creation File (obsolete as of V5.62): nf

NFS (Network File System)

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.12. Network File Systems

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 5.5.5. Turning Off SUID and SGID in Mounted Filesystems

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19. RPC, NIS, NIS+, and Kerberos

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.7. Application Layer

TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.7.1. File Sharing

TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1. The Network File System

TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.6. Managing Distributed Servers

authentication and

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.2.2. RPC Authentication
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.2.2.4. AUTH_KERB

benefits of : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1. The Network File System

checklist for : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, A.1.1.19. Chapter 20: NFS

configuring : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.14. Network File System

exporting news via : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.5.3.3. Exporting news to clients via

file permissions : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 5.1.7. File Permissions in Detail

find command on : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 5.5.4. Finding All of the SUID and SGID Files

-local option : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 11.6.1.2. Writable system files and directories

MOUNT : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 20.1.1. NFS History

Secure NFS : (see Secure NFS)

server, and UUCP : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.3. UUCP and Security

services of : Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.4. Which services should you disable?

technical description of : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 20.1.1. NFS History

trusted hosts and : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.18.2. The problem with trusted hosts

-xdev option : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 11.6.1.2. Writable system files and directories

NFS-based print services : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1.5.1. NFS print services

nfs.client script : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1.1. NFS Daemons

nfs.server script : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1.1. NFS Daemons

nfsd (NFS daemon) : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1.1. NFS Daemons

NFSNET backbone : TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet

NIC (Network Information Center)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 24.2.4.2. How to contact the system administrator of a computer
TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.2. Creating Domains and Subdomains
handle : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.4.1. Obtaining a Domain Name

nice command : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 25.2.1.2. System overload attacks

nice numbers : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, C.1.3.3. Process priority and niceness

niceness, delivery agent : sendmail, 30.4. The Equates

NIS (Network Information Service)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.4. Changing Your Password

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19. RPC, NIS, NIS+, and Kerberos

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4. Sun's Network Information Service (NIS)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.5. Unintended Disclosure of Site Information with NIS

TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.5. Network Information Service

TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.3. Network Information Service

+ in

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4. Sun's Network Information Service (NIS)
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.6. NIS is confused about "+"

clients : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4. Sun's Network Information Service (NIS)

domains : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.3. NIS Domains

maps

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4. Sun's Network Information Service (NIS)
TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.5. Network Information Service
TCP/IP Network Administration, 6.1.3. Assigning a Subnet Mask
TCP/IP Network Administration, 10.6.1. Pattern Matching

netgroups

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4. NIS Netgroups
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.6. NIS is confused about "+"
limiting imported accounts : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.2. Using netgroups to limit the importing of accounts

Secure RPC with

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.2. Setting Up Secure RPC with NIS
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.4. Limitations of Secure RPC

spoofing : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.4.4.5. Spoofing NIS

UDP : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.4.3. UDP

Yellow Pages : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.6.2. Other naming services

nis database class : sendmail, 33.8. Alphabetized Reference

NIS macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

NIS+

Building Internet Firewalls, 8.15. Network Information Service/Yellow

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.4. Changing Your Password

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 16.2.6.2. Other naming services

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5. Sun's NIS+

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.5. NIS+ Limitations

TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.3.2. NIS+

integrity-checking software for : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.5. NIS+ Limitations

principals : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.1. What NIS+ Does

Secure RPC with

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.2. Setting Up Secure RPC with NIS
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.4. Limitations of Secure RPC

NIS/YP (Network Information Service)

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.9. Name Service
Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.4. Which services should you disable?
Building Internet Firewalls, 8.10. Domain Name System
configuring : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.15. Network Information Service/Yellow

nisaddcred command : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.1.1. Proving your identity

niscat command : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File

nischown command : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.4. Using NIS+

nispasswd command

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 3.4. Changing Your Password
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.4. Using NIS+
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.5.4.2. When a user's passwords don't match

nisplus database class : sendmail, 33.8. Alphabetized Reference

NISPLUS macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.2.1. National Computer Security Center
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.3.4.26. National Institute of Standards and Technology
TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.1.2.2. Use mailing lists to distribute information
TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.1. The World Wide Web
NIST CSRC (Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse) : Building Internet Firewalls, A.5.3. NIST CSRC

NMS (Network Management Station) : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.9. Simple Network Management Protocol

NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.4. Usenet News

Building Internet Firewalls, 7.5. Proxying Without a Proxy Server

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.13. Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) (TCP Port

TCP/IP Network Administration, 13.5.1. Newsgroups

(see also Usenet news)

configuring

Building Internet Firewalls, 8.5. Network News Transfer Protocol
Building Internet Firewalls, 9.1.1.4. NNTP
Building Internet Firewalls, 9.2.1.4. NNTP

NNTPSERVER variable : sendmail, 31.2.1. Syntax of the Command-Line Macro's Text

no answer error message : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3. Testing Basic Connectivity

NO_GROUP_SET macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

"No local mailer defined" message : sendmail, 6.2.1. Testing the client.cf File

"no mailer in parsed address" error : sendmail, 29.6. Rule Set 0

"no more data from sender" (FIN) bit : TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.6.2. Transmission Control Protocol

"No such file or directory" error : sendmail, 12.2. The File Form of Class

nobody user

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 4.1. Users and Groups
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.2.1. Creating passwords for users
sendmail, 22.8.3.1. The DefaultUser option
TCP/IP Network Administration, 5.4. The Internet Daemon
TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1.2.1. The share command

nocanonify feature : sendmail, 19.6. Alphabetized m4 Macros

nodns feature

sendmail, 19.6. Alphabetized m4 Macros
sendmail, 21.1.2. Make sendmail DNS Aware

noexpn (sendmail) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.4.3. Improving the security of Berkeley sendmail V8

noise, electrical : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 12.2.1.8. Electrical noise

nonadaptive modems : (see modems)

nonauthoritative servers : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.4. BIND, resolver, and named

nonblocking systems : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.2. Sun's Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

nonbroadcast multi-access (NBMA) interfaces

TCP/IP Network Administration, B.6. Interface Statements
TCP/IP Network Administration, B.8.1. The ospf Statement

nonce : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 23.3. Tips on Writing Network Programs

non-connected network : TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.1. Connected and Non-Connected Networks

non-encoded binary data : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.4.3. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

non-Internet sites, delivering mail to : TCP/IP Network Administration, C.3.1.4. Mail exchanger record

nonrecursive queries : TCP/IP Network Administration, 3.3.2. Creating Domains and Subdomains

nonrepudiation : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 6.5. Message Digests and Digital Signatures

nonrouting dual-homed hosts

Building Internet Firewalls, 5.2.1. Nonrouting Dual-homed Hosts
Building Internet Firewalls, 5.8.2.5. Turning off routing

NORDUNET : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.3.4.27. NORDUNET

NOREAD= command : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.5.2. Permissions Commands

NoRecipientAction option : sendmail, 34.8. Alphabetized Reference

normalizing addresses : sendmail, 17.1.2. Normalize the Address

Northwestern University : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.3.4.28. Northwestern University

nosuid : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 11.1.2. Back Doors and Trap Doors

notation, dotted decimal : TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.3. Subnets

NOTIFY command (SMTP) : sendmail, 36.7. Alphabetized Reference

NOTIFY extension, DSN : sendmail, 23.9. The qf File Internals

notifying people about problems

Building Internet Firewalls, 13.1.4. Make `Incident in Progress'
Building Internet Firewalls, 13.4.4. Planning for Notification of People
TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.4.2. Looking for Trouble
TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.4.2.2. Checking login activity

notsticky feature : sendmail, 19.6. Alphabetized m4 Macros

NOTUNIX macro : sendmail, 18.8. Alphabetized Reference

nouucp feature : sendmail, 19.6. Alphabetized m4 Macros

Novell : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 1.3. History of UNIX

novrfy (sendmail) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.4.3. Improving the security of Berkeley sendmail V8

Nowitz, David : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.2. Versions of UUCP

NOWRITE= command : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.5.2. Permissions Commands

NP keyword : TCP/IP Network Administration, 12.2.1. The Shadow Password File

npasswd package : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 8.8.2. Constraining Passwords

NPROC variable : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 25.2.1.1. Too many processes

nrcpts= equate (syslog output) : sendmail, 26.1.3.6. nrcpts= the number of recipients

NS query : TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.6. Checking Name Service

NS resource records

TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.5. The Reverse Domain File
TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.3.6. The named.hosts File
TCP/IP Network Administration, C.3.1.2. Name server record

NSA (National Security Agency) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.2.2. National Security Agency (NSA)

nservers option : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.1.1. NFS Daemons

NSF (National Science Foundation)

TCP/IP Network Administration, 1.1. TCP/IP and the Internet

TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.5.2. Border Gateway Protocol

NSFNET

TCP/IP Network Administration, 2.4. Internet Routing Architecture
TCP/IP Network Administration, 7.4. Interior Routing Protocols

nslookup

sendmail, 21.4. How to Use nslookup

TCP/IP Network Administration, 4.4.1. Obtaining a Domain Name

TCP/IP Network Administration, 8.4. Using nslookup

in troubleshooting

TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.2. Diagnostic Tools
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.3. Testing Basic Connectivity
TCP/IP Network Administration, 11.6. Checking Name Service

nsswitch.conf file

sendmail, 7.3.1. The hostname
sendmail, D.4. L and G Configuration Commands
TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.3.1. The nsswitch.conf file
TCP/IP Network Administration, E.4.2. sendmail Options

NSWS (NextStep Window Server) : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.16. NEXTSTEP Window Server

NTP (Network Time Protocol)

Building Internet Firewalls, 2.11. Time Service
Building Internet Firewalls, 7.5. Proxying Without a Proxy Server
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 17.3.14. Network Time Protocol (NTP) (UDP Port 123)
configuring : Building Internet Firewalls, 8.13. Network Time Protocol (NTP)
Secure RPC and : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 19.3.1.3. Setting the window

NU-CERT : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, F.3.4.28. Northwestern University

null

addresses

sendmail, 10.3. Missing Addresses
sendmail, 17.1.1.3. Handle null address
sendmail, 30.8. Alphabetized F= Flags

database class : sendmail, 33.8. Alphabetized Reference

device : Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 5.6. Device Files

sendmail.cf file : sendmail, 5.2. The Minimal File

null.mc file : sendmail, 16.2. The null.mc File

nullclient feature : sendmail, 19.6. Alphabetized m4 Macros

numbers

sendmail, 29.1.1. Rule-Set Numbers

(see also identifiers)

delivery failure count : sendmail, 23.9. The qf File Internals

DNS errors : sendmail, B.1. Status file lines

inode and device : sendmail, 23.9. The qf File Internals

port : Building Internet Firewalls, C.12.2. Port Numbers

protocol : Building Internet Firewalls, C.12.1. Protocol Numbers

rule sets

sendmail, 8.3. Rule Sets
sendmail, 29.1.1. Rule-Set Numbers

SMTP status codes : sendmail, B.1. Status file lines

UNIX errors : sendmail, B.1. Status file lines

numeric addresses : (see addresses)

numeric-type arguments : sendmail, 34.5. Option Argument Types

numeric values, in printcap parameters : TCP/IP Network Administration, 9.2.1. The printcap File

nuucp account

Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.1.4. How the UUCP Commands Work
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.3.1. Assigning Additional UUCP Logins
Practical UNIX & Internet Security, 15.4.1.3. Format of USERFILE entry without system name

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